Ch 9: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Question 1

Cellular respiration is …

Answer 1

Catabolic

Question 2

Synthesis is synonymous with…

Answer 2

Anabolic

Question 3

Cellular respiration producesssss

Answer 3

6 CO2 and 6 H20 and 38 ATP

Question 4

Cellular respiration is … percent efficient

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

Cellular respiration reactants

Answer 5

Glucose and oxygen

Question 6

The average human needs …. Kcal per day

Answer 6

2200

Question 7

Cellular respiration summary

Answer 7

Electrons are stripped from hydrogen and ultimately do oxygen?

Question 8

Redox is short for

Answer 8

Reduction and oxidation

Question 9

Reduction

Answer 9

Gain an electron

Question 10

Oxidation gibbs E vs reduction gibbs E

Answer 10

Negative, positive

Question 11

In CR, electrons are synonymous with

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

When molecules carry hydrogen they are in a … form

Answer 12

Reduced

Question 13

NAD+ is a …

Answer 13

Hydrogen shuttle

Question 14

Two main mechanism used during CR to make ATP

Answer 14

Substrate level phosphorylation and

Question 15

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 15

Direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a reactive intermediate, typically a high E phosphate containing molecule

Question 16

Three stages of CR

Answer 16

Glycolysis, Krebs, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 17

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

What reaction occurs between glycolysis and krebs? Where does this happen?

Answer 18

Acetyl Co A reaction, the mitochondrial matrix

Question 19

Where does the krebs cycle occur?

Answer 19

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

Where does ETC occur?

Answer 20

The inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

Question 21

What happens in glycolysis?

Answer 21

Glucose splits into 2 molecules (which are 2 pyruvate); glyco - lysis

Question 22

Glycolysis in and out

Answer 22

Glucose and 2 ATP -> 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH and 4 ATP

Question 23

There are 10 steps in glycolysis that all use the same enzyme

Answer 23

Wrong they all use different enzymes

Question 24

Glycolysis steps 1 through 5 are … while 6 through 10 are …

Answer 24

Endergonic, exergonic

Question 25

Between glycolysis and before krebs, what needs to happen?

Answer 25

Puruvate is processed to acetyl co A

Question 26

How does the pyruvate enter the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 26

They are processed one ag a time and enger through active transporters of the mitochondrial membranes (TOM and TIM)

Question 27

Who is TOM?

Answer 27

The transporter of the outer mito membrane

Question 28

Who is TIM?

Answer 28

The transporter of the INNER membrane

Question 29

What are TOM and TIM considered moody?

Answer 29

They require different amounts of ATP each time

Question 30

What is added and removed from pyruvate to turn it into acetyl co A?

Answer 30

Vitamin A is added, carbon and 2 oxygens removed

Question 31

What other names is krebs cycle called?

Answer 31

The citric acid cycle or TCA cycle

Question 32

What is an intermediary?

Answer 32

Substance that carries energy, like NAD and FAD

Question 33

What are the reactants and products of the krebs cycle?

Answer 33

Acetyl co A ➡️ 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP, CO2(waste product)

Question 34

Nitrogen is the waste product of the krebs cycle

Answer 34

Wrong, carbon dioxide is the waste product of krebs

Question 35

What things do the TCA cycle require?

Answer 35

ADP, phosphate, NAD+, FAD, and oxaloacetate

Question 36

What does the 8th step of the citric acid cycle create?

Answer 36

Oxaloacate

Question 37

How many times does the krebs cycle occur to create its end result?

Answer 37

2 times because there are 2 acetyl co A

Question 38

What do some proteins in the ETC do?

Answer 38

Transfer hydrogens to create a H gradient

Question 39

Chemiosmotic phosphprylation

Answer 39

The process where E is stored in H+ gradient to power ATP synthesis

Question 40

How is E released in the ETC?

Answer 40

H+ falls from a carrier to Oxygen

Question 41

The ETC regenerates … and … because they give up electrons

Answer 41

NAD+ and FAD

Question 42

Who is the ultimate hydrogen acceptor?

Answer 42

Oxygen

Question 43

What is the waste product of ETC?

Answer 43

Water

Question 44

Reactants and product of ETC?

Answer 44

H gradient produces from electrons and H from NADH AND FADH2 ➡️ 34 ATP

Question 45

What kind of proteins are the ETC transporters? What do they do?

Answer 45

Active transport uniports, they pump thr H gradient from matric into intermembrane space

Question 46

Where does H taken from NADH AND FADH2 go? Who takes em?

Answer 46

Into the intermembrane space by ETC transporters

Question 47

H+ is transporter through … synthase. It goes from the … to the …

Answer 47

ATP; IMS, Matrix

Question 48

NADH yields … ATP, FADH yields … ATP

Answer 48

3, 2

Question 49

How does ATP synthase work?

Answer 49

It rotates, There is a plate divided into three parts, it holds ADP in one space and phosphate in the other The third plate uses H+ coming down the gradient to create ATP, which is released from this 3rd plate

Question 50

Lethal does 50

Answer 50

Does at which 50% of the population would die

Question 51

Why is DNP dangerous?

Answer 51

Its therapeutic dose is too close to its LD 50