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Bio 1 > Ch 9: Harvesting Chemical Energy > Flashcards

Ch 9: Harvesting Chemical Energy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cellular respiration is …

A

Catabolic

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2
Q

Synthesis is synonymous with…

A

Anabolic

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3
Q

Cellular respiration producesssss

A

6 CO2 and 6 H20 and 38 ATP

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4
Q

Cellular respiration is … percent efficient

A

40%

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5
Q

Cellular respiration reactants

A

Glucose and oxygen

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6
Q

The average human needs …. Kcal per day

A

2200

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7
Q

Cellular respiration summary

A

Electrons are stripped from hydrogen and ultimately do oxygen?

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8
Q

Redox is short for

A

Reduction and oxidation

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9
Q

Reduction

A

Gain an electron

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10
Q

Oxidation gibbs E vs reduction gibbs E

A

Negative, positive

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11
Q

In CR, electrons are synonymous with

A

Hydrogen

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12
Q

When molecules carry hydrogen they are in a … form

A

Reduced

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13
Q

NAD+ is a …

A

Hydrogen shuttle

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14
Q

Two main mechanism used during CR to make ATP

A

Substrate level phosphorylation and

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15
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

Direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and a reactive intermediate, typically a high E phosphate containing molecule

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16
Q

Three stages of CR

A

Glycolysis, Krebs, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

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17
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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18
Q

What reaction occurs between glycolysis and krebs? Where does this happen?

A

Acetyl Co A reaction, the mitochondrial matrix

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19
Q

Where does the krebs cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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20
Q

Where does ETC occur?

A

The inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

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21
Q

What happens in glycolysis?

A

Glucose splits into 2 molecules (which are 2 pyruvate); glyco - lysis

22
Q

Glycolysis in and out

A

Glucose and 2 ATP -> 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH and 4 ATP

23
Q

There are 10 steps in glycolysis that all use the same enzyme

A

Wrong they all use different enzymes

24
Q

Glycolysis steps 1 through 5 are … while 6 through 10 are …

A

Endergonic, exergonic

25
Q

Between glycolysis and before krebs, what needs to happen?

A

Puruvate is processed to acetyl co A

26
Q

How does the pyruvate enter the mitochondrial matrix?

A

They are processed one ag a time and enger through active transporters of the mitochondrial membranes (TOM and TIM)

27
Q

Who is TOM?

A

The transporter of the outer mito membrane

28
Q

Who is TIM?

A

The transporter of the INNER membrane

29
Q

What are TOM and TIM considered moody?

A

They require different amounts of ATP each time

30
Q

What is added and removed from pyruvate to turn it into acetyl co A?

A

Vitamin A is added, carbon and 2 oxygens removed

31
Q

What other names is krebs cycle called?

A

The citric acid cycle or TCA cycle

32
Q

What is an intermediary?

A

Substance that carries energy, like NAD and FAD

33
Q

What are the reactants and products of the krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl co A ➡️ 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP, CO2(waste product)

34
Q

Nitrogen is the waste product of the krebs cycle

A

Wrong, carbon dioxide is the waste product of krebs

35
Q

What things do the TCA cycle require?

A

ADP, phosphate, NAD+, FAD, and oxaloacetate

36
Q

What does the 8th step of the citric acid cycle create?

A

Oxaloacate

37
Q

How many times does the krebs cycle occur to create its end result?

A

2 times because there are 2 acetyl co A

38
Q

What do some proteins in the ETC do?

A

Transfer hydrogens to create a H gradient

39
Q

Chemiosmotic phosphprylation

A

The process where E is stored in H+ gradient to power ATP synthesis

40
Q

How is E released in the ETC?

A

H+ falls from a carrier to Oxygen

41
Q

The ETC regenerates … and … because they give up electrons

A

NAD+ and FAD

42
Q

Who is the ultimate hydrogen acceptor?

A

Oxygen

43
Q

What is the waste product of ETC?

A

Water

44
Q

Reactants and product of ETC?

A

H gradient produces from electrons and H from NADH AND FADH2 ➡️ 34 ATP

45
Q

What kind of proteins are the ETC transporters? What do they do?

A

Active transport uniports, they pump thr H gradient from matric into intermembrane space

46
Q

Where does H taken from NADH AND FADH2 go? Who takes em?

A

Into the intermembrane space by ETC transporters

47
Q

H+ is transporter through … synthase. It goes from the … to the …

A

ATP; IMS, Matrix

48
Q

NADH yields … ATP, FADH yields … ATP

A

3, 2

49
Q

How does ATP synthase work?

A

It rotates,
There is a plate divided into three parts, it holds ADP in one space and phosphate in the other
The third plate uses H+ coming down the gradient to create ATP, which is released from this 3rd plate

50
Q

Lethal does 50

A

Does at which 50% of the population would die

51
Q

Why is DNP dangerous?

A

Its therapeutic dose is too close to its LD 50

Bio 1 (9 decks)

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