Chapter 6: Nature, Nurture, and Human Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What are some limitations of adoption studies? (4)

A
  1. Representativeness (are they generalizable). 2. Prenatal environment. 3. “Open” adoption (connection between both parents). 4. Selective placement.
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2
Q

What is selective placement?

A

When adopted apart children are placed in families with traits similar to the child’s.

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3
Q

What appears to be more important later in life for cognitive ability: environment or genetics?

A

Genetics.

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4
Q

What is a limitation of the twin study design?

A

Generalizability.

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5
Q

What is the equal environments assumption?

A

The environmentally caused similarity is roughly the same for both types of twins reared in the same family.

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6
Q

What does an adoption-twin combination study involve?

A

Involves twins reared apart and compares them with twins reared together.

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7
Q

Where is an example of an adoption-twin combination study?

A

Minnesota.

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8
Q

What is the families-of-twins method?

A

Studying the families of twins.

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9
Q

What are two extensions of the families-of-twins method?

A
  1. Children-of-twins design. 2. extended children-of-twins design.
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10
Q

What does the family + twins design (AKA the children-of-twins design) allow us to research?

A

It allows us to distinguish between genetic and environmental transmission from one generation to the next.

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11
Q

What are two examples of an adoption + family design?

A
  1. Colorado Adoption Project. 2. Early Growth and Development Study.
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12
Q

Are monozygotic twins more similar when reared apart?

A

No, they are as similar no matter the rearing status. They are as similar as the differences for the re-test variability for a single person.

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13
Q

What are two examples of the heritability of the shared environment?

A
  1. Family environment. 2. Parenting behaviors.
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14
Q

What are two examples of the heritability of the non-shared environment?

A
  1. Stressful life events. 2. Divorce.
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