Chapter 3&4 Flashcards
Rather than “survival of the fittest,” natural selection could be referred to as…
“Reproduction of the fittest” since offspring reproduction is most important.
Mendel provided what clue to the puzzle of natural selection?
How traits were inherited.
How was Francis Galton important in the history of twin studies?
He was the first to use twins to assess the roles of nature and nurture.
Who could be considered the person who began behavioral genetics?
Francis Galton.
What is the Law of Segregation?
The alleles of a given locus segregate into separate gametes.
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
The inheritance of one gene is not affected by the inheritance of another gene.
What type of inheritance pattern does Huntington’s disease follow?
Dominant (need one H).
What type of inheritance pattern does Phenylketonuria (PKU) follow?
Recessive (need rr).
What are Darwin’s three conditions that, if fulfilled, lead to natural selection.
- Competition. 2. Variation. 3. Inheritance.
What is the difference between a Mendelian trait vs. a polygenic trait?
Polygenic traits are influenced by more than 1 gene.
What is the proband (or index case)?
The center individual in a genetic relatedness diagram.
What is the liability-threshold model?
A model that assumes that dichotomous disorder are due to underlying genetic liabilities that are distributed normally.
When do disorders appear according to the liability-threshold model?
Only when a threshold of liability is exceeded.
How related are third degree relatives (cousins)?
12.5%. (divide 100 three times).
What are chromosome bands? What do they do?
A part of the chromosome used to identify the chromosome. We do not know their function.
