Chapter 6 Native American Indians Flashcards
What are the five variables of the identity square?
Race, culture, geographic locale, gender, and history
Some argue that “native American Indians” aren’t native people because they immigrated from
Asia across the Alaska Land Bridge
Crops the native Americans contributed
Corn, white potatoes, tomatoes, beans, squash, peanuts, cashews, chili pepper, sweet potatoes, tobacco, cotton, turkey, cranberries, and pumpkins.
European settlement on the East Coast happened between the years _______ Europeans had been visiting New England for more than 100 yrs before major settlement.
1492-1605
Today more than half the crops grown in the world were initially
Developed in the Americas
At the Beginning of European colonization there were
Several hundred tribes with kindred but unique cultures.
By 1776 several million native Americans comprising at least 100 Indian nations lived in what is now
The lower 48 United States speaking more than 750 languages.
The dominant group acted from a ________ point of view.
Conflict
_____________ is one of the clearest symbols of power and dominance.
Denying members of a group the right to vote
Soon after their arrival European colonizers began to see native Americans as
Lazy, bloodthirsty savages, and wild beasts.
Negative images like this of native Americans were reinforced by
The dime novels of the nineteenth century and later in movies and TV PROGRAMS, with images of cruel Native American warriors attacking helpless settlers.
Native Americans are a unique minority group because
They have been in what is now the USA longer than any other group and they were not an immigrant group as all other minority groups were.
The aboriginal population of the region which was to become the USA has been estimated as high as ______ persons. By the 1800 the native population was about 600,000 and fifty years later it was _______.
10 million; 250,000
The dominant group expressed both direct And indirect ________ and _______, forced native Americans _____________, and carried out __________.
Prejudice and ethnocentrism
Forced native Americans off their own lands and carried out genocide practices against them.
The dominant group saw the Western Hemisphere as ________ and the Native American groups as ________ which __________.
Unoccupied
Separate nations which bolstered separation and the conflict viewpoint.
The native Americans numbers decreased mainly due to what?
Lack of buffalo
Illness imported with the Europeans
Forceful removal of native Americans
Increasingly unmatched warfare w Europeans
Along with a lot of indirect and direct policies created
When was the first European American tried for the murder of a Native American?
The early 1900s
Native Americans like the ______ ___ held a _______ perspective.
Dominant group
Conflict
In response to the aggressive conflict of the dominant group native Americans engaged in ____ and ______ ________ and ________ __________.
Cultural and social separation and reactionary warfare
The native Americans desire for separation was the result of two types of action
Dominant group prejudice and discrimination AND the desire of Native American groups to maintain their unique lifestyle.
Why didn’t native Americans want to assimilate?
Unlike many people who immigrated voluntarily to the new world in hopes of dramatically improving their way of life and becoming part of the dominant culture Native Americans were already here and liked their own culture they saw their way as superior and had no desire to change.
A pattern of interaction between Native Americans and European Americans usually started with coexistence and cooperation followed by encroachment by the Europeans and finally
Conflict such as warfare, expulsion, or evacuation of the Native Americans.
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 called
Called for all Native Americans in the Southeastern United States to move West of the Mississippi River.
During the trail of tears more than _______ people died of famine and disease.
15,000
The trail of tears removal endured for
Two decades
The five tribes had achieved a high degree of
Cultural Assimilation living in houses, wearing clothes similar to the dominant group, speaking English and often becoming Christians.
Some tribes owned ______ ______
African slaves
Why were the five tribes referred to as the “Five Civilized Tribes?”
Because they had achieved a high degree of cultural assimilation
Did the five tribes high degree of cultural assimilation benefit them?
No the high degree of cultural assimilation did not benefit the minority group. Power, not culture, was the determining factor.
The dominant group assumed that the indians did not _____, treated the tribes as ___, and withheld the right to____ until the twentieth century.
own the land they occupied, treated the tribes as separate nations, and withheld the right to vote until well into the twentieth century.
Native Americans are the only group which was ___ and ___ by legislation.
uniformly addressed and oppressed
These laws, in the forms of ___, ___, ____, allowed the dominant group to maintain power.
treaties, acts of Congress, and executive mandates.
In the 1700s the British government in the colonies treated Native American tribes as ___ ___
independent nations
After independence the U.S. government continued the policy of treating NA tribes as independent nations but the perception changed to include three major things.
There was widespread perception that Native Americans (1) needed to be helped, (2) controlled, (3) and properly socialized.
In 1824 the ___ of ___ ___ was created to assist in these efforts.
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
The Appropriations Act of ___ and the ____ Act of 1887 were supposedly designed to
Appropriations Act of 1871 and the Dawes Act of 1887 were designed to help Native Americans assimilate or provide aid.
The Appropriations Act stated that tribes would no longer be ________
recognized as separate nations.
Under the Dawes Act reservations were ____
divided into tracts or plots of land to be allotted to tribal members.
The outcome of the Dawes Act was that it reduced the power of Native Americans. It resulted in a ______
large-scale land sale to white Americans
Through means fair and foul the remaining 140 million acres of native American lands were further reduced to
50 million acres by the mid-1930s.
The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of 1934 allowed Indians to govern themselves and organize corporate enterprises but it ended up
attempting to make tribes adopt European style democracy which the Indians were upset about because they saw it as reneging on the promise of tribal independence.
By 1953 the government believed it should ____
stay out of the indian business since they were following the ideas of smaller government and regulation
Native Americans identity square: Geographic locale
Geographic territory
Native Americans identity square: History
History: within group, w European countries, w American government
Native Americans identity square: Race
Racial characteristics: physically identifiable
Native Americans identity square: Gender
Gender: culturally specific views of male and female roles much different from Europeans
Columbus 1492 “discovered” America and
Indians
In 1776
United States formed
In 1861 what happened
Civil War
In 1942 what was going on
World War II
In 1620 what happened
Mayflower arrived
