Chapter 12 Japanese Americans & Early Asian American Immigration Flashcards
In the 1980’s a series of Congressional Commission hearings took place concerning the Japanese American Concentration Camps. The Commission found wrongdoings on the part of the U.S. Government which resulted in a ___ and ____ to those Japanese American who spent time in the camps.
Presidential apology; economic restitution
When ___ began to end the japanese american relocation and dispersement program began. At this time the WRA began to disperse japanese american families tall over the US to make sure that there would not be a concentration on the West Coast.
WWII
Early legal Japanese immigration to the US came between:
1880s-1924
When Executive Order ___ was signed into law, some Japanese Americans were given as little as 48-72 hours to pack their belongings and move out of their houses.
9066
The first group of people who were excluded from immigrating to the United States were from ____
China
In WWII of the Japanese Americans who were forcibly evacuated by the military from their homes, __ were American citizens by birth.
2/3
The government agency created to deal with the evacuation of Japanese Americans was called: ___
WRA
The immigration loophole that allowed some legal but illegal immigration of Chinese to the US after the San Francisco earthquake was called the _______
Paper Son or Slot System.
During the ____ the Japanese government was encouraging its citizens to go “West” (Europe and the U.S.) to learn modern ways.
late 1800’s
_____ allowed for only “free whites” and “former slaves of african descent” to become Naturalized citizens. Japanese immigrants were legally defined as Mongolian therefore they were Aliens ineligible for citizenship
US Naturalization law
Who are Asian Pacific Americans?
Asian-Pacific Islander; A person with origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, China, Japan, Korea, Philippine Republic, and Samoa; and on the Indian Subcontinent includes India, Pakistan, Bangladest, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Sikkim and blutan
Asian Pacific Americans are a culturally complex and diverse people early immigration ends in
1964
Early Immigration period 1849-1965 there are __ waves
3 Waves; Chinese 1849-1882
Japanese (Korean) 1880-1924
Pilipino 1898-1934
Chinese came in for the
gold but were excluded by 1882
Japanese were encouraged to come in for the
agricultural fields and hawaiian sugar plantations but were stopped in 1924
Pilipino immigrants come in after the japanese are excluded in
1898-1934
1882 exclusion act of chinese created a need
for Ca agriculturalist (farmers)
december 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor; leads to
Japanese Americans evacuation
4 major reasons in the literature for the Japanese Americans evacuation off of the West Coast
Racism, war hysteria, economic greed, military necessity
Racism
Historical precedent based on a history of negative prejudice, discrimination, and racism; society couldn’t tell asian people apart
Racism; WWII Japanese in US were singled out as an
EVIL race
Economic Greed
Estimated 3 billion 1942 dollars lost by the Japanese Americans; lost wages, material possessions, investments
Military Necessity
Americans were worried about the surprise attack in Pearl Harbor and were scared it would happen in CA they said since they were not Americans they weren’t loyal
Executive Order ___ put Japanese Americans in concentration camps in 1942
9066
Executive Order 9066 removed 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry for
military neccessity
Discuss the impacts the Evacuation/Concentration Camp experience had on the Japanese Americans.
there was as little as 48-72 hours notice; allowed to take only what they could carry (limit of 2 bags); didn’t know where they were going or how long they would be there
With the Evacuation came the question
What do you do with your other belongings you can’t take with you; house, car, business, farm, household goods.
Evacuations also meant
curfew for people; bank accounts frozen
WRA=
War Relocation Authority
Discuss the 4 major reasons for the Japanese American Evacuation/Concentration Camps during WWII
Racism, war hysteria, economic greed, military necessity
Discuss the patterns of the 3 waves of early Asian Immigration to the United States and how it impacted the experience of Asian immigrants.
3 Waves; Chinese 1849-1882
Japanese (Korean) 1880-1924
Pilipino 1898-1934
1941 WWII breaks out in the
Philippine Islands
Service in WWII allowed
Philippines who volunteered for the war to become American citizens
The 1924 alien exclusion act excluded philippinoes from coming to America their
service in WWII allowed them to become citizens
The US governments used the term summer camp and relocation but
not a summer camp; 10 camps each camp had over 10,000 people; prison camps surrounded by barbed wire
