Chapter 6 Molecules And Matter Flashcards
6.1 What is the equation for density?
Density = Mass/Volume
6.1 How to measure the density of a solid object?
- To measure the mass, make sure the balance is zero.
- To measure the volume use rulers of a regular shape.
If the shape is irregular, lower it on a thread into a measuring cylinder partly filled with water. Work out the volume of the object by the rise in the water level.
6.1 How to measure the density of a liquid
- For the volume, use a measuring cylinder to find the volume of a particular liquid
- For the mass use a balance and measure the mass of the container.
Next, pour the liquid to measure the mass of the total mass of the beaker and the liquid.
After, subtract the mass of the empty beaker from the total mass of the beaker and the liquid
6.1 What happens when objects have a lower density of water?
They float in water
6.2 What is a solid state of matter like?
The particles of a SOLID are held next to each other in fixed positions. They are the least energetic of states of matter. Fixed shape and fixed volume
6.2 What is a liquid state of matter like?
The particles of a liquid move about at random and are in contact with each other. They are more energetic than particles in a solid. No fixed shape but a fixed volume
6.2 Gas state of matter
Particle of a gas move about randomly and are far apart (less dense than solids and liquids). They are the most energetic of the states of matter.
6.2 Process of a solid - liquid - gas
Melting and boiling
6.2 Process of a gas - liquid - solid
Condensation to freezing
6.2 Solid to gas process
Sublimation
6.3 What is needed to melt a solid or boil a liquid?
Energy
6.3 What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling occurs throughout a liquid at its boiling point.
Evaporation occurs from the surface of a liquid when its temperature is below its melting point.
6.3 What does the flat section of a temperature-time graph?
It gives the melting point or the boiling point of a substance.
6.4 How do you increase the internal energy of a substance?
You increase the temperature
6.4 How can you explain if a substance is solid, liquid or gas?
The strength of the forces of attraction between the particles of a substance.
6.4 When a substance is heated and its temperature rises, what happens to its kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy increases
6.4 When a substance is heated, if it melts or boils, what happens to the potential energy?
The potential energy of its particles increases
6.4 What causes pressure on a surface?
It is caused by the particles of the gas repeatedly heating the surface.
6.5 What is the latent heat?
Latent heat is the energy needed for a substance to change its state without changing its temperature.
6.5 What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy needed to melt 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature.
6.5 Specific latent heat equation
Energy/mass
6.5 How do you measure the specific latent heat of ice measured?
It can be measured using a low-voltage heater to melt the ice
6.2 What happens to the mass of a substance when it changes its state
The mass of the substance is conserved meaning it stays he same. This is because the number of particles are the same
Explain the movement of particles in a solid
- The particles of soild are held in fixed positions
- They vibrate about their fixed positions
- Solid keeps its own shape
- Least energy
Explain the particles of a liquid
- They are in contact with each other.
- They move about randomly
- Liquid doesn’t have its own shape, and it can flow
- Medium energy
Explain the particles of gas
- They move randomly and faster than liquid
- They are much further apart from each other than the particles of a liquid
- Density of gas is much less than that of a solid and liquid
