Chapter 6: Model of Cells - The Basic Units of Life Flashcards
What are the parts of a typical animal cell?
Vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane.
What are the parts of a typical plant cell?
(Cellulose) Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm.
Does root cells have chloroplasts?
No.
What is the function of a vacuole and what’s the size of it in typical animal cells?
It stores liquids, food and waste materials and in typical animal cells, vacuoles are small and numerous.
What is the function of a vacuole and what’s the size of it in typical plant cells?
It stores liquids, food and waste materials and is large and few in typical plant cells.
What’s the function of cytoplasm? How does it appear to be?
It appears to be a jelly-like substance and its function is to be the site where most chemical reactions take place.
What’s the function of a nucleus?
Nucleus is the centre that controls all activities that occur within a cell.
It will also cause the cell to die if removed.
What’s the function of the cell membrane?
A cell membrane is a thin outer layer — that is partially permeable— that surrounds a cell that allows only certain substances to pass through.
What are cells?
The building blocks of an organism. It is also the smallest part of an organism that are alive. In simpler terms, they’re the basic units of life.
How many types of organisms are there?
Multicellular (many cells) and unicellular (one cell)
What do we use to see cells?
An electron microscope or light microscope.
What are the different parts of the light microscope?
Eyepiece
Objective lenses
Arm
Stage clips
Condenser
Light source/illuminator
Stage
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjustment knob
Base
What are light microscopes used for?
Can be used to see smaller structures in the cell.
What are electron microscopes used for?
Used to see even smaller cell structures.
What’s the function of a vesicle (its found in both animal and plant cell)
Transports products within the cell
What’s the function of a cell wall and its structure?
It is a thick rigid layer around the cell and it supports the cell and gives it its regular shape and is fully permeable.
Function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis.
Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes, true or false?
True!
Cell wall controls substances entering and leaving the cell, true or false?
False!
All plant cells contain chloroplasts, true or false?
False!
Vacuoles are used to make proteins, true or false?
False!
A plant cell contains one large central vacuole and many small vacuole like animal cells, true or false?
False!
What are the differences between a plant and animal cell?
Animal cells can be smaller than plant cells while plant cells can be larger than animal cells. Moreover, the cell wall and chloroplasts are absent from the animal cell while it is present in plant cells. (Not root cells though.)
Vacuoles are small, numerous and temporary in animal cells while vacuoles are single, large and permanent in plant cells.
Cells with nucleus will live shorter, true or false?
False! Cells without nucleus will live shorter.
Unlike typical animal cells, the red blood cell lacks a….
Nucleus.
How are multicellular organisms organised?
Specialised cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues, then organs and finally into organ systems
State the simplest to most complex organisation of the specialised cells of multicellular organisms.
(Simplest) cells —> tissues—> organs —> organ systems (most complex)
Organisation of tissues
Each tissue is usually made up of cells of the same type to perform a specific function.
Muscle tissues are made up of only muscle cells, what is the function of it?
To enable body movement.
Nerve tissues are only made up of nerve cells. What is the function of it?
To Carry messages from one part of the body to another
Vascular is a tissue and is located on all parts of a plant, what is its function?
It carries food and water to various parts of a plant.
what are organs made up of?
Different tissues working together to perform a particular job.
What is the heart made up of?
Muscle, connective and epithelial tissues.
What’s the function of a heart?
Pump blood around the body.
What are systems made up of ?
Different organs working together to perform a particular job
Why do different systems work together?
To make up the whole organism.
What is division of labour?
When the work of an organism is divided among different cells/organs/systems.
Function of coarse and fine adjustment knobs
To obtain a focused image.
Function of condenser
To adjust the amount of light that passes through the specimen
Function of eyepiece
To provide a magnified image of the specimen
Function of Objective lens
To further magnify the image and to observe the specimen.
Function of flagellum
To enable moving around by sweeping a tail-like structure.
