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microbiology > chapter 6: microbial nutrition and growth > Flashcards

chapter 6: microbial nutrition and growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a macronutrient?

A

a substance that an organism needs a lot to grow

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2
Q

what is a micronutrient?

A

a substance that an organism doesn’t need a lot of to grow

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3
Q

what is a saprobe?

A

natures decomposers (this is how things are broken down into waste)

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4
Q

what is a parasite?

A

something that attaches to a host for life while taking nutrients from the host

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5
Q

what is an ectoparasite?

A

a parasite that lives ON the host

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6
Q

true/false: an endoparasite lives within a hose

A

true

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7
Q

true/false: passive diffusion uses energy for its cycle

A

false (the substance goes with the gradient)

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8
Q

the diffusion of water is known as ____

A

osmosis

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9
Q

describe facilitated diffusion

A

when larger materials pass through the cell through channels

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10
Q

is energy used in facilitated diffusion?

A

no

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11
Q

true/false: active transport moves with the gradient

A

false (it goes against, or from low to high concentration)

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12
Q

what is needed for the active transport of materials?

A

energy, most likely ATP

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13
Q

what is endocytocis?

A

when the cell engulfs the material rather than it diffusing in

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14
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

endocytosis but with larger materials

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15
Q

how do liquids get processed into the cell? (type of endocytosis)

A

pinocytosis

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16
Q

what is an extremophile?

A

an organism that grows in conditons that would normally harm regular organisms

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17
Q

how does bacteria survive over time?

A

it adapts to the enviornment

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18
Q

understand what minimal, optimal, and maximal temperature means

A
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19
Q

what is a cryophile?

A

an organism that grows at low temperatures (0-20 degrees celcius)

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20
Q

what is a psychrotolerant?

A

an organism that CAN multiply at lower temperatures

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21
Q

what is a mesophile?

A

an organism that likes moderate temperatures (think Meso, Middle)

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22
Q

what is a thermophile?

A

an organism that grows in hot temperatures

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23
Q

what is a hypothermophile?

A

an organism that grows in extremely hot temperatures

24
Q

an obligate aerobe requires/does not require oxygen to grow

A

requires (think oxygen is OBLIGED to be used)

25
Q

does a microaerophile need a lot of oxygen to grow?

A

no (think MICRO oxygen is needed)

26
Q

what is the ph scacle

A

the measure of how acidic something is

27
Q

acidophiles like ___ enviornments

A

acidic

28
Q

alkalinophiles prefer ____ enviornments

A

alkaline

29
Q

what does alkaline mean?

A

basic

30
Q

is acidic closer to 1 or 14 on the scale

A

1

31
Q

what is a halophile?

A

an organism that thrives in increased NaCl

32
Q

when we are on land, what is the pressure reading?

A

1atm

33
Q

barotolerant means that the organism is affected ____ by increased pressure

A

badly (but it can still grow)

34
Q

barophilic means that the organism ______ at increased pressure

A

thrives

35
Q

do some organisms use radiation for their growth?

A

yes

36
Q

is UV and ionizing radiation optimal for growth?

A

no

37
Q

what is a symbiotic relationship?

A

when the organisms are closer together

38
Q

mutualism means_____

A

both organisms benefit

39
Q

commensalism means ______

A

one benefits, one is left alone

40
Q

parasitism means ______

A

one benefits, one is harmed

41
Q

what is a non-symbiotic relationship?

A

when the organisms are not in a close relationship

42
Q

synergism means ____

A

all organisms coperate and share nutrients

43
Q

what is antagonism?

A

some organisms are harmed by others

44
Q

what is binary fission?

A

this is how bacteria is multiplied

45
Q

true/false: bacteria grows in pairs

A

true

46
Q

where do the bacteria cells separate from?

A

the middle

47
Q

what is generation time?

A

the amount of time it takes for a parent cell to become 2 daughter cells

48
Q

where does the lag phase occur in the cycle?

A

at the very begining

49
Q

where is the lag phase

A

at the beginning

50
Q

describe what happens in the lag phase

A

the inoculation occurs, the cells begin to multiply

51
Q

what is the log phase?

A

when the inoculum is in its exponential growth era

52
Q

why is testing done in the log (exponential) phase?

A

because this is when the bacteria is uniform

53
Q

what is the stationary phase?

A

when the growth is consistent

54
Q

why can the growth become stationary?

A

lack of nutrients, lack of propper enviornment

55
Q

what is the death phase?

A

when the bacteria dies in large numbers

56
Q

after death, what happens?

A

long term stationary phase

57
Q

what is the viable counting method?

A

when we only count the viable cells for the sample

microbiology (8 decks)

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