chapter 6: microbial nutrition and growth

Question 1

what is a macronutrient?

Answer 1

a substance that an organism needs a lot to grow

Question 2

what is a micronutrient?

Answer 2

a substance that an organism doesn’t need a lot of to grow

Question 3

what is a saprobe?

Answer 3

natures decomposers (this is how things are broken down into waste)

Question 4

what is a parasite?

Answer 4

something that attaches to a host for life while taking nutrients from the host

Question 5

what is an ectoparasite?

Answer 5

a parasite that lives ON the host

Question 6

true/false: an endoparasite lives within a hose

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true/false: passive diffusion uses energy for its cycle

Answer 7

false (the substance goes with the gradient)

Question 8

the diffusion of water is known as ____

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

describe facilitated diffusion

Answer 9

when larger materials pass through the cell through channels

Question 10

is energy used in facilitated diffusion?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

true/false: active transport moves with the gradient

Answer 11

false (it goes against, or from low to high concentration)

Question 12

what is needed for the active transport of materials?

Answer 12

energy, most likely ATP

Question 13

what is endocytocis?

Answer 13

when the cell engulfs the material rather than it diffusing in

Question 14

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 14

endocytosis but with larger materials

Question 15

how do liquids get processed into the cell? (type of endocytosis)

Answer 15

pinocytosis

Question 16

what is an extremophile?

Answer 16

an organism that grows in conditons that would normally harm regular organisms

Question 17

how does bacteria survive over time?

Answer 17

it adapts to the enviornment

Question 18

understand what minimal, optimal, and maximal temperature means

Question 19

what is a cryophile?

Answer 19

an organism that grows at low temperatures (0-20 degrees celcius)

Question 20

what is a psychrotolerant?

Answer 20

an organism that CAN multiply at lower temperatures

Question 21

what is a mesophile?

Answer 21

an organism that likes moderate temperatures (think Meso, Middle)

Question 22

what is a thermophile?

Answer 22

an organism that grows in hot temperatures

Question 23

what is a hypothermophile?

Answer 23

an organism that grows in extremely hot temperatures

Question 24

an obligate aerobe requires/does not require oxygen to grow

Answer 24

requires (think oxygen is OBLIGED to be used)

Question 25

does a microaerophile need a lot of oxygen to grow?

Answer 25

no (think MICRO oxygen is needed)

Question 26

what is the ph scacle

Answer 26

the measure of how acidic something is

Question 27

acidophiles like ___ enviornments

Answer 27

acidic

Question 28

alkalinophiles prefer ____ enviornments

Answer 28

alkaline

Question 29

what does alkaline mean?

Answer 29

basic

Question 30

is acidic closer to 1 or 14 on the scale

Answer 30

1

Question 31

what is a halophile?

Answer 31

an organism that thrives in increased NaCl

Question 32

when we are on land, what is the pressure reading?

Answer 32

1atm

Question 33

barotolerant means that the organism is affected ____ by increased pressure

Answer 33

badly (but it can still grow)

Question 34

barophilic means that the organism ______ at increased pressure

Answer 34

thrives

Question 35

do some organisms use radiation for their growth?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

is UV and ionizing radiation optimal for growth?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

what is a symbiotic relationship?

Answer 37

when the organisms are closer together

Question 38

mutualism means_____

Answer 38

both organisms benefit

Question 39

commensalism means ______

Answer 39

one benefits, one is left alone

Question 40

parasitism means ______

Answer 40

one benefits, one is harmed

Question 41

what is a non-symbiotic relationship?

Answer 41

when the organisms are not in a close relationship

Question 42

synergism means ____

Answer 42

all organisms coperate and share nutrients

Question 43

what is antagonism?

Answer 43

some organisms are harmed by others

Question 44

what is binary fission?

Answer 44

this is how bacteria is multiplied

Question 45

true/false: bacteria grows in pairs

Answer 45

true

Question 46

where do the bacteria cells separate from?

Answer 46

the middle

Question 47

what is generation time?

Answer 47

the amount of time it takes for a parent cell to become 2 daughter cells

Question 48

where does the lag phase occur in the cycle?

Answer 48

at the very begining

Question 49

where is the lag phase

Answer 49

at the beginning

Question 50

describe what happens in the lag phase

Answer 50

the inoculation occurs, the cells begin to multiply

Question 51

what is the log phase?

Answer 51

when the inoculum is in its exponential growth era

Question 52

why is testing done in the log (exponential) phase?

Answer 52

because this is when the bacteria is uniform

Question 53

what is the stationary phase?

Answer 53

when the growth is consistent

Question 54

why can the growth become stationary?

Answer 54

lack of nutrients, lack of propper enviornment

Question 55

what is the death phase?

Answer 55

when the bacteria dies in large numbers

Question 56

after death, what happens?

Answer 56

long term stationary phase

Question 57

what is the viable counting method?

Answer 57

when we only count the viable cells for the sample