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microbiology > chapter 1: introduction > Flashcards

chapter 1: introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is microbiology?

A

a section of biology that deals with organisms that are too small to see with the naked human eye

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2
Q

what are some examples of microorganisms?

A

bacteria, archea, fungi

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of microbial cells?

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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4
Q

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes lack a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

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5
Q

true/false : prokaryotes have organelles in their cells

A

false

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6
Q

what is another name for prokaryotes?

A

akaryotes

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7
Q

what is a cell?

A

the basic unit of life

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8
Q

usually, what are some things that cells have in common?

A

shape and organelles

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9
Q

true/false : microorganisms predate humans by millions of years

A

true

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10
Q

when did life start on earth?

A

about 4.5 billion years ago

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11
Q

what does it mean for microbes to be unibiqutous?

A

to be found in a variety of places

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12
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

the scheme that represents relatedness with organisms

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13
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

the science of classifying living things

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14
Q

what are the three domains?

A

bacteria, archea, eukaryotes

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15
Q

what are some characteristics of bacteria?

A

single celled, no membrane bound nucleus, unibiquotus

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16
Q

what helps separate archea from bacteria?

A

its MRNA sequence

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17
Q

plants and animals are usually ____ organisms

A

eukaryotic

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18
Q

what is a protist?

A

a single celled organism that is not a plant, animal or a fungus

19
Q

what are some positive atributes to fungi?

A

making bread rise, cheese formation, anti biotics

20
Q

what is a negative attribute to fungi?

A

disease in humans

21
Q

where did people in the time of aristotle believe living organisms came from and what is this called?

A

nonliving organisms; spontaneous generation

22
Q

who developed pasteurization?

A

louis pasteur

23
Q

when was the first microscope made?

A

the early 1600’s

24
Q

who was the first to publish drawings of fungus?

A

robert hook

25
Q

who developed antiseptic techniques?

A

joseph lister

26
Q

what are the 4 macromolecules?

A

carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

27
Q

what is a common way to write out carbs?

A

CH2O

28
Q

what is a good way to identify a carb?

A

ending with the suffix

29
Q

what do polysaccarhides do?

A

provide support and energy to the cell

30
Q

what is peptidoglycan?

A

a component of cell strcture

31
Q

which part of the phospholipid loves water ?

A

the polar head

32
Q

what is a 3d form of a protein called?

A

the native state

33
Q

what do we call a protein that had been disrupted?

A

denatured

34
Q

what is DNA

A

the genetic material of the cell

35
Q

how many strands of DNA come together to form ?

A

2, it becomes the double helix shape

36
Q

in DNA where does adenine bond?

A

to thymine

37
Q

true/false : Guanine pairs to cytosine in DNA

A

true

38
Q

what replaces thymine in RNA sequencing?

A

uracil

39
Q

what is Nomenclature ?

A

assigning scientific names to organisms

40
Q

who created the system for organizing organisms?

A

carolus linneaus

41
Q

when we see a scientific name? which comes first, species or genus ?

A

genus

42
Q

true/false : The first letter of the genus name is capitalized

A

true

43
Q

is the species capitalized in the scientific name?

A

no

44
Q

what are 2 ways of making the scientific name scientific?

A

underlining or italicizing

microbiology (8 decks)

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