chapter 1: introduction

Question 1

what is microbiology?

Answer 1

a section of biology that deals with organisms that are too small to see with the naked human eye

Question 2

what are some examples of microorganisms?

Answer 2

bacteria, archea, fungi

Question 3

what are the 2 types of microbial cells?

Answer 3

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 4

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 4

prokaryotes lack a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

Question 5

true/false : prokaryotes have organelles in their cells

Answer 5

false

Question 6

what is another name for prokaryotes?

Answer 6

akaryotes

Question 7

what is a cell?

Answer 7

the basic unit of life

Question 8

usually, what are some things that cells have in common?

Answer 8

shape and organelles

Question 9

true/false : microorganisms predate humans by millions of years

Answer 9

true

Question 10

when did life start on earth?

Answer 10

about 4.5 billion years ago

Question 11

what does it mean for microbes to be unibiqutous?

Answer 11

to be found in a variety of places

Question 12

what is phylogeny?

Answer 12

the scheme that represents relatedness with organisms

Question 13

what is taxonomy?

Answer 13

the science of classifying living things

Question 14

what are the three domains?

Answer 14

bacteria, archea, eukaryotes

Question 15

what are some characteristics of bacteria?

Answer 15

single celled, no membrane bound nucleus, unibiquotus

Question 16

what helps separate archea from bacteria?

Answer 16

its MRNA sequence

Question 17

plants and animals are usually ____ organisms

Answer 17

eukaryotic

Question 18

what is a protist?

Answer 18

a single celled organism that is not a plant, animal or a fungus

Question 19

what are some positive atributes to fungi?

Answer 19

making bread rise, cheese formation, anti biotics

Question 20

what is a negative attribute to fungi?

Answer 20

disease in humans

Question 21

where did people in the time of aristotle believe living organisms came from and what is this called?

Answer 21

nonliving organisms; spontaneous generation

Question 22

who developed pasteurization?

Answer 22

louis pasteur

Question 23

when was the first microscope made?

Answer 23

the early 1600’s

Question 24

who was the first to publish drawings of fungus?

Answer 24

robert hook

Question 25

who developed antiseptic techniques?

Answer 25

joseph lister

Question 26

what are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 26

carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 27

what is a common way to write out carbs?

Answer 27

CH2O

Question 28

what is a good way to identify a carb?

Answer 28

ending with the suffix

Question 29

what do polysaccarhides do?

Answer 29

provide support and energy to the cell

Question 30

what is peptidoglycan?

Answer 30

a component of cell strcture

Question 31

which part of the phospholipid loves water ?

Answer 31

the polar head

Question 32

what is a 3d form of a protein called?

Answer 32

the native state

Question 33

what do we call a protein that had been disrupted?

Answer 33

denatured

Question 34

what is DNA

Answer 34

the genetic material of the cell

Question 35

how many strands of DNA come together to form ?

Answer 35

2, it becomes the double helix shape

Question 36

in DNA where does adenine bond?

Answer 36

to thymine

Question 37

true/false : Guanine pairs to cytosine in DNA

Answer 37

true

Question 38

what replaces thymine in RNA sequencing?

Answer 38

uracil

Question 39

what is Nomenclature ?

Answer 39

assigning scientific names to organisms

Question 40

who created the system for organizing organisms?

Answer 40

carolus linneaus

Question 41

when we see a scientific name? which comes first, species or genus ?

Answer 41

genus

Question 42

true/false : The first letter of the genus name is capitalized

Answer 42

true

Question 43

is the species capitalized in the scientific name?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

what are 2 ways of making the scientific name scientific?

Answer 44

underlining or italicizing