chapter 12/13 (part 1)

Question 1

what is immunology?

Answer 1

when we study vaccines and how it defends against foreign

Question 2

what counts as a foreign body?

Answer 2

viruses, bacteria, etc

Question 3

What is inate immunity?

Answer 3

natural immunity that we have

Question 4

is inate immunity specific?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is aquired immunity?

Answer 5

specific immunity to combat specific materials

Question 6

how are defense systems organised?

Answer 6

first, second, and third lines of defense

Question 7

what is an example of a first level defense?

Answer 7

physical barrier, chemical barrier

Question 8

what is an example of a second line of defense?

Answer 8

phagocytosis, antimicrobial

Question 9

what are third line of defense?

Answer 9

t cells and b cells

Question 10

what does a healthy immune system do?

Answer 10

detect foreign bodies, destroy enemies

Question 11

what is autoimmunity?

Answer 11

when the immune system responds to everything and can not distinguish damaging from non damaging

Question 12

what are PAMPS and MAMPS ?

Answer 12

Types of markers

Question 13

is the immune system complex or simple?

Answer 13

complex

Question 14

what are some agranulocytes?

Answer 14

b cells, t cells, monocytes

Question 15

what are some granulocytes?

Answer 15

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 16

where do leukocytes originate from?

Answer 16

the bone marrow

Question 17

what do mast cells do?

Answer 17

trigger an inflammatory response

Question 18

what do nutrophils do?

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

what are macrophages?

Answer 19

cells that aid in phagocytosis

Question 20

what do platelets do?

Answer 20

help in clotting

Question 21

what is the purpose pf the lymphatic system?

Answer 21

the primary sight of immune cell birth

Question 22

what is thymus?

Answer 22

this is where the lymphocytes are going to mature

Question 23

what is the purpose of the slpeen?

Answer 23

to filter the materials out from the blood that are not supposed to be there

Question 24

what do tonsils provide a source of?

Answer 24

lymphocytes

Question 25

what are some types of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 25

SALT, MALT, GALT, and BALT

Question 26

how can our physical (first line) defense be impacted?

Answer 26

by our physiology, age, and nutrition

Question 27

what makes the skin a good barrier?

Answer 27

it is thick, waterproof, and impervious

Question 28

since sweat is acidic, what does this mean for most microbes?

Answer 28

they are not acidophiles so they do not survive this enviornment

Question 29

what is a benifit of mucus?

Answer 29

it is slippery so it flushes microbes

Question 30

what is a positive about the respitory system?

Answer 30

there are hairs, so this can trap microbes, has mucus, and when we cough, we squeeze and expell mcirobes

Question 31

since the stomach is acidic, what does this mean for most microbes?

Answer 31

most microbes can not survive in an acidic enviornment

Question 32

what does the flushing of the GI tract mean?

Answer 32

microbes can not set up shop there

Question 33

explain how lysozomes work

Answer 33

they can break apart the chain of nag and nam thus causing protien synthesis to stop

Question 34

what is a histamine?

Answer 34

a vasodialator or vasoconstrictor that acts to change the diameter of a blood vessel

Question 35

what is interferon?

Answer 35

a protein produced by wbc to defend against microbes in certain diseases

Question 36

what is a complement?

Answer 36

a group of proteins that come together to complement host defense

Question 37

how do we activate the complement cascade?

Answer 37

clasical, lectin, alternative

Question 38

describe the process of phagocytosis

Answer 38

adhesion, engulfment, and killing/destruction

Question 39

what is inflamation?

Answer 39

when a spot becomes inflamed so the infection

Question 40

is inflamation acute or chronic?

Answer 40

it can be both