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Biology > Chapter 6: Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Metabolism Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Anabolic

A
  • requires energy

- synthesize molecules

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

All of an organism chemical reactions

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2
Q

Catabolic

A
  • release energy

- break molecules down

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3
Q

Energy = ?

A

Capacity to cause change

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4
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy associated with motion

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5
Q

Heat (thermal) energy

A

Random movement of atoms/molecules

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6
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy of matter because of location or structure

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7
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

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8
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A
  • Total energy in the universe is constant.
  • Energy can be transferred and transformed.
  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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9
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A
  • Transfer or transformation of energy increases entropy (S) of the universe
  • Entropy (S) = disorder or randomness
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10
Q

G = Gibbs Free Energy, available for work
Delta G = Change in Free Energy
Negative Delta G = ?
Positive Delta G = ?

A
  • Negative Delta G = processes are spontaneous

- Positive Delta G = processes require energy input

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11
Q

Study Figure 6.5

A

You are going to do great :) stay positive

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12
Q

Negative Delta G is what type of reaction?

A

Exergonic

  • Releases energy
  • Spontaneous
  • Catabolic
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13
Q

Positive Delta G is what type of reaction?

A

Endergonic

  • Energy input required
  • Anabolic
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14
Q

Activation Energy

A

Free energy of activation is the energy needed to start many reactions

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15
Q

What does an Enzyme do?

A

Catalyzes (speeds up without being consumed) reaction by decreasing the activation energy

16
Q

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions

A
  • Orient substrates
  • Strain bonds in substrate
  • Create favorable microenvironment (pH)
  • May briefly bond covalently to substrate
17
Q

Active Site

A

Place where substrate binds to enzyme

18
Q

Induced fit

A

Enzyme changes shape (conformation) after substrate binds

19
Q

Enzymes are specific for particular substrates.

True or False?

A

True

20
Q

Study Figure 6.15

A

You got this :) keep working hard

21
Q

Environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, do NOT influence enzyme function.
True or False?

A

False, Environmental factors do influence enzyme function.

22
Q

Cofactor

A
  • nonprotein enzyme helper

- usually inorganic (Fe, Mg, Mn)

23
Q

Coenzyme

A
  • nonprotein, organic molecules
  • often carrier or transport molecules
  • are vitamins or derived from vitamins
25
Q

Competitive Inhibition (Diagram on slides may help)

A
  • Inhibitor binds to active site and prevents substrate from binding
  • Inhibitor and substrate “compete” for active site
  • Inhibitors can be toxins or natural substances
26
Q

Allosteric Regulation (Diagram on slides may help)

A

Regulatory molecule binds to allosteric site, which changes the shape of active site
-either activates or inhibits substrate

26
Q

Enzymes have specific cell location, such as the enzymes that reside in mitochondria for cellular respiration.
True or False?

A

True

27
Q

Negative Feedback is what type of mechanism?

Diagram on slides may help

A

Regulatory mechanism

-an end product inhibits earlier step in pathway

28
Q

Cells make ordered structures from less ordered materials.

True or False?

A

True

29
Q

Organisms replace ordered forms of matter and energy with less ordered forms.
True or False?

A

True

30
Q

Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of chemical and exits in the form of light.
True or False?

A

False, Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of light and exits in the form of heat.

31
Q

The evolution of more complex organisms violates the second law of thermodynamics.
True or False?

A

False, The evolution of more complex organisms DOES NOT violate the second law of thermodynamics

32
Q

Entropy (disorder) may increase in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy decreases.
True or False?

A

False, Entropy (disorder) may decrease in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy increases.

33
Q

Organisms are islands of low entropy in an increasingly random universe.
True or False?

A

True

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