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Biology > Chapter 4: Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Cells Flashcards

0
Q

What is in an animal cell but not a plant?

A
  1. Centriole
  2. Microvilli
  3. Lysosome
  4. Flagellum
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1
Q

Common in all cells

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. DNA - Genetic material
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Cytosol
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2
Q

What is in a plant cell but not in an animal?

A
  1. Cell Wall
  2. Chloroplast
  3. Central vacuole
  4. Plasmodesmata: channels that join adjacent cells.
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3
Q

Nucleolus

A

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

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4
Q

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

A

• Double membrane

- phospholipid bilayer

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5
Q
  1. Ribosomes are responsible for?
  2. Free ribosomes are located in?
  3. Bound ribosomes are located in?
A
  1. Protein Synthesis
  2. Cytosol
  3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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6
Q

Endomembrane System

A
  1. Nuclear envelope
  2. Smooth/Rough ER
  3. Golgi Apparatus- cis/trans
  4. Vesicles
  5. Plasma membrane
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7
Q

Smooth ER

A
  1. Lipid synthesis (e.g. Steroids)
  2. Carbohydrate synthesis
  3. Detoxifies drugs/poisons
  4. Regulate material [Ca++]
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8
Q

Rough ER

A
  1. Protein synthesis
  2. Protein modification
    (post-translational) e.g. Glycoprotein
  3. Membrane synthesis
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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Chemical modifications
  2. Sorting for delivery to particular cellular locations and export
  3. Some carbohydrate synthesis
    Cis= receiving Trans= shipping
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10
Q

Lysosomes

A

Bud off Golgi

Contain digestive enzymes

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11
Q

Vacuoles

A

Contractile vacuoles
- water balance, pump water out
Food vacuoles
Store toxic materials

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12
Q

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

A
  1. Double membrane
  2. DNA - different then in nucleus
  3. Energy metabolism
  4. Ribosomes -different than in cells
  5. Mitoch.. divide by binary fission
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13
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Metabolic compartment
• contain oxidative enzymes

Turns H2O2 into H2O

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

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15
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Keeps cell together/ “traffic cop”

16
Q

Centriole

A

Cytokinesis:

the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.

17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Holds cell together; Structure

18
Q

Central vacuole

A

Stores water and nutrients

When bigger, plant more mature

19
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area

20
Q

Flagellum

A

Used for motility

21
Q

mRNA

A

Transported through nuclear envelope and tells ribosome what protein to make

22
Q

What is a genome?

A

Entire library of genetic instruction that organism inherits

23
Q

The origin of species 2 main points?

A
  • descent with modification

- natural selection

24
Q

3 Cytoskeletal proteins?

A

Microtubules - Tubulin
Microfilaments - Actin
Intermediate filaments - Keratin

25
Q

Microtubules

A
  • big in cell motility
  • Cilia- many cilia in cell
  • Flagella - only one (Flagellum)
  • 9 pair of MT surround a central pair
26
Q

Molecular Motor Proteins or

(Kinesin(s)), family of motor proteins

A

Carry cargo along microtubule track

27
Q

Microfilaments (actin)

A 
Structural support 
Cell movement 
 -myosin motors in muscle cells
 -Amoeboid movement
 -Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cell
28
Q

Types of cellular junctions (in animal cells only)

A

Tight junctions
Adherens junctions (Desmosome)
Gap junctions

29
Q

Tight junctions

A

Seal fluid from coming in cell

30
Q

Adheren junction (Desmosome)

A
  • anchor cells together

- attached to intermediate filaments

31
Q

Gap junction

A

•similar to plasmodesmata in plants

-allow small molecules to move through it

32
Q

Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells

A
  • Main ingredients are glycoproteins and other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted by cells
  • most abundant glycoprotein is collagen (40% of proteins in human)

-help communicate with other cells and regulate behavior

33
Q

Integrins

A

Membrane proteins

  • 2 subunits
  • one side of protein binds to ECM (fibronectin)
  • the other to microfilaments
34
Q

Collagen

A

Fibers embedded in a web of proteogycan in ECM

35
Q

Proteogycan complex

A

Hundreds of proteogycan molecules attached to polysaccharide

Biology (7 decks)

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