Chapter 4: Cells Flashcards
What is in an animal cell but not a plant?
- Centriole
- Microvilli
- Lysosome
- Flagellum
Common in all cells
- Plasma membrane
- DNA - Genetic material
- Ribosomes
- Cytosol
What is in a plant cell but not in an animal?
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplast
- Central vacuole
- Plasmodesmata: channels that join adjacent cells.
Nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA synthesis
Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)
• Double membrane
- phospholipid bilayer
- Ribosomes are responsible for?
- Free ribosomes are located in?
- Bound ribosomes are located in?
- Protein Synthesis
- Cytosol
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endomembrane System
- Nuclear envelope
- Smooth/Rough ER
- Golgi Apparatus- cis/trans
- Vesicles
- Plasma membrane
Smooth ER
- Lipid synthesis (e.g. Steroids)
- Carbohydrate synthesis
- Detoxifies drugs/poisons
- Regulate material [Ca++]
Rough ER
- Protein synthesis
- Protein modification
(post-translational) e.g. Glycoprotein - Membrane synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
- Chemical modifications
- Sorting for delivery to particular cellular locations and export
- Some carbohydrate synthesis
Cis= receiving Trans= shipping
Lysosomes
Bud off Golgi
Contain digestive enzymes
Vacuoles
Contractile vacuoles
- water balance, pump water out
Food vacuoles
Store toxic materials
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
- Double membrane
- DNA - different then in nucleus
- Energy metabolism
- Ribosomes -different than in cells
- Mitoch.. divide by binary fission
Peroxisomes
Metabolic compartment
• contain oxidative enzymes
Turns H2O2 into H2O
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Plasma Membrane
Keeps cell together/ “traffic cop”
Centriole
Cytokinesis:
the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Holds cell together; Structure
Central vacuole
Stores water and nutrients
When bigger, plant more mature
Microvilli
Increase surface area
Flagellum
Used for motility
mRNA
Transported through nuclear envelope and tells ribosome what protein to make
What is a genome?
Entire library of genetic instruction that organism inherits
The origin of species 2 main points?
- descent with modification
- natural selection
3 Cytoskeletal proteins?
Microtubules - Tubulin
Microfilaments - Actin
Intermediate filaments - Keratin
Microtubules
- big in cell motility
- Cilia- many cilia in cell
- Flagella - only one (Flagellum)
- 9 pair of MT surround a central pair
Molecular Motor Proteins or
(Kinesin(s)), family of motor proteins
Carry cargo along microtubule track
Microfilaments (actin)
Structural support Cell movement -myosin motors in muscle cells -Amoeboid movement -Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cell
Types of cellular junctions (in animal cells only)
Tight junctions
Adherens junctions (Desmosome)
Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Seal fluid from coming in cell
Adheren junction (Desmosome)
- anchor cells together
- attached to intermediate filaments
Gap junction
•similar to plasmodesmata in plants
-allow small molecules to move through it
Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells
- Main ingredients are glycoproteins and other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted by cells
- most abundant glycoprotein is collagen (40% of proteins in human)
-help communicate with other cells and regulate behavior
Integrins
Membrane proteins
- 2 subunits
- one side of protein binds to ECM (fibronectin)
- the other to microfilaments
Collagen
Fibers embedded in a web of proteogycan in ECM
Proteogycan complex
Hundreds of proteogycan molecules attached to polysaccharide
