Chapter 6: Lipids i) Lipids and Cellular Membranes

Question 1

What 2 monomers create fats?

Answer 1

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 2

Combined, is the molecule they form polar or non-polar?

Answer 2

Non-polar

Question 3

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 3

Glycerol with 3 fatty acid tails attached

Question 4

What are saturated fats?

Answer 4

C’s of tails bonded to the max number of H’s

Question 5

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 5

When there are 1 or more double bonds between C’s.

Question 6

Why are saturated fats typically solid?

Answer 6

Because straight tails allow the fats to be closer together.

Question 7

Why are unsaturated fats typically liquid (oil)?

Answer 7

Because the kinks in the tails need more space.

Question 8

What are cis fats?

Answer 8

H is on the same side as the double-bonded C

Question 9

What are trans fats?

Answer 9

H is on different sides of double-bonded C

Question 10

What are the 3 functions of fat?

Answer 10

Acts as E-storage, Insulation, Protects vital organs

Question 11

The head of phospholipids is comprised of what?

Answer 11

R group and a phosphate group

Question 12

The tail of phospholipids is compromised of what?

Answer 12

glycerol and fatty acid tails

Question 13

Is the head of phospholipids polar or non-polar?

Answer 13

polar

Question 14

Is the tail of phospholipids polar or non-polar?

Answer 14

non-polar

Question 15

It can arrange in a (blank) in water.

Answer 15

bilayer

Question 16

Some steroids can act as (blank).

Answer 16

Hormones (chemical messengers)

Question 17

Almost all cells (except animals) have this structure.

Answer 17

A cell wall

Question 18

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 18

Regulates what enters and exits the cell

Question 19

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 19

Everything inside (except the nucleus)

Question 20

What is the cytosol?

Answer 20

Internal fluid

Question 21

What are organelles?

Answer 21

Recognizable compartments that carry out specific functions.

Question 22

Where do chromosomes reside?

Answer 22

In the nucleus

Question 23

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 23

an internal framework that holds everything inside in place

Question 24

Why are most cells microscopic?

Answer 24

So that they have a greater S.A. to volume ratio which allows for more efficient flow of molecules and ion across membranes

Question 25

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 25

A cell with no nucleus or membranes around organelles. Also relatively small.

Question 26

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 26

A cell with a nucleus and membranes around organelles

Question 27

Cell membranes have 2 important properties.

Answer 27

They are selectively permeable and provide a surface along which reactions can occur

Question 28

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 28

membranes are a mosaic floating in a fluid phospholipid bilayer

Question 29

The fluid mosaic model contains 3 types of molecules. Which ones?

Answer 29

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and Proteins

Question 30

Functions of phospholipids in the bilayer?

Answer 30

Basis of membranes, not very permeable

Question 31

The function of cholesterol in the bilayer?

Answer 31

Keeps phospholipids at the correct fluidity

Question 32

What are integral proteins?

Answer 32

They extend thru both sides of the bilayer

Question 33

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 33

Are only on one side of the bilayer

Question 34

The surface of eukaryotic cells carry what molecules?

Answer 34

Glycoprotein