Chapter 6: Lipids i) Lipids and Cellular Membranes Flashcards
What 2 monomers create fats?
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Combined, is the molecule they form polar or non-polar?
Non-polar
What is a triglyceride?
Glycerol with 3 fatty acid tails attached
What are saturated fats?
C’s of tails bonded to the max number of H’s
What are unsaturated fats?
When there are 1 or more double bonds between C’s.
Why are saturated fats typically solid?
Because straight tails allow the fats to be closer together.
Why are unsaturated fats typically liquid (oil)?
Because the kinks in the tails need more space.
What are cis fats?
H is on the same side as the double-bonded C
What are trans fats?
H is on different sides of double-bonded C
What are the 3 functions of fat?
Acts as E-storage, Insulation, Protects vital organs
The head of phospholipids is comprised of what?
R group and a phosphate group
The tail of phospholipids is compromised of what?
glycerol and fatty acid tails
Is the head of phospholipids polar or non-polar?
polar
Is the tail of phospholipids polar or non-polar?
non-polar
It can arrange in a (blank) in water.
bilayer
Some steroids can act as (blank).
Hormones (chemical messengers)
Almost all cells (except animals) have this structure.
A cell wall
What does the plasma membrane do?
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
Everything inside (except the nucleus)
What is the cytosol?
Internal fluid
What are organelles?
Recognizable compartments that carry out specific functions.
Where do chromosomes reside?
In the nucleus
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
an internal framework that holds everything inside in place
Why are most cells microscopic?
So that they have a greater S.A. to volume ratio which allows for more efficient flow of molecules and ion across membranes
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell with no nucleus or membranes around organelles. Also relatively small.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus and membranes around organelles
Cell membranes have 2 important properties.
They are selectively permeable and provide a surface along which reactions can occur
What is the fluid mosaic model?
membranes are a mosaic floating in a fluid phospholipid bilayer
The fluid mosaic model contains 3 types of molecules. Which ones?
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and Proteins
Functions of phospholipids in the bilayer?
Basis of membranes, not very permeable
The function of cholesterol in the bilayer?
Keeps phospholipids at the correct fluidity
What are integral proteins?
They extend thru both sides of the bilayer
What are peripheral proteins?
Are only on one side of the bilayer
The surface of eukaryotic cells carry what molecules?
Glycoprotein
