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BIOL 1115 > Chapter 4: Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the purpose of nucleic acids?

A

To carry genetic information

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleic acid?

A

DNA, RNA

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3
Q

DNA stands for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

RNA stands for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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5
Q

DNA and RNA are polymers of many?

A

Nucleotides

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6
Q

What is a nucleotide comprised of?

A

Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base

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7
Q

What are the 5 n-bases?

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Adenine

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8
Q

Which n-bases are pyrimidines?

A

C,T,U

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9
Q

Why are C,T,U considered pyrimidines?

A

Because they only have a single 6-atom ring

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10
Q

Which n-bases are purines?

A

A,G

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11
Q

Why are A,G considered purines?

A

Because they have a double-ring structure comprised of one 6-atom and one 5-atom ring

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12
Q

Nucleotides bond together into?

A

Strands

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13
Q

Strands have?

A

A sugar-phosphate backbone with n-bases sticking out’

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14
Q

A gene is?

A

The part of the strand that carries instructions to assemble a polypeptide chain (usually a protein)

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15
Q

DNA stores?

A

Genetic info

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16
Q

DNA is passed on when?

A

Cells divide

17
Q

DNA is usually a part of structures called?

A

Chromosomes

18
Q

DNA contains?

A

Deoxyribose sugar

19
Q

DNA has which 4 n-bases?

A

A,G,C,T

20
Q

Each DNA molecule contains?

A

2 nucleotide strands

21
Q

The 2 strands are twisted into a?

A

Double helix

22
Q

How are n-bases held together?

A

By H-bonds

23
Q

How are A and T (U and A for RNA) bonded?

A

Doubly bonded

24
Q

How are C and G bonded?

A

Triply bonded

25
Q

The base sequence on one strand predicts the sequence on the?

A

Complementary strand

26
Q

RNA has?

A

Ribose sugar

27
Q

Which n-base doesn’t exist for RNA?

A

Thymine

28
Q

Which n-base exists for RNA but not DNA?

A

Uracil

29
Q

What is the purpose of mRNA?

A

Carries info from DNA to ribosomes

30
Q

What occurs in the ribosomes?

A

Polypeptide chains are assembled

31
Q

What is the purpose of tRNA?

A

Delivering aa’s to ribosomes

32
Q

What are the 3 functions of ATP?

A

Movement, ‘Pumping’ molecules across membranes, E-requiring actions

33
Q

ATP ties together which reactions?

A

E-producing and E-requiring reactions

BIOL 1115 (6 decks)

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