Chapter 6- Lecture Flashcards
What is the biological approach (nature)?
Our actions stem from ou biological roots.
What is the environmental approach?
We are the products of our socialization. Social forces and the social environment create human experience.
What is socialization?
The lifelong process by which we learn our culture, develop our personalities, and become functioning members of society.
When does socialization begin?
Process starts at birth and continues throughout life.
What is the most intense period of socialization?
Infancy and early childhood.
What is our sense of the world and of ourselves the result of?
socialization.
What is social interaction?
The ways in which people interact in social settings, recognizing each person’s subjective experiences and/or intentions.
-Creating your social reality everyday.
What is the nature argument?
This argument suggests we are born with a behavioural tendency that is innate and inherent and biologically determined within our genetic makeup.
What is the greatest advocate of the nurture argument?
Social isolation and feral children
What is social isolation and feral children?
Children deprived of human contact have limited intellectual capacities, have no or limited experience with love or human interaction, and do not grasp language.
-Children removed from reality of life
What are two examples of social isolation and feral children in literature?
The Jungle Book and Room both offer benign looks at it.
When do we construct social reality?
By people every time they interact with others. Every time we meet.
What is the self comprised of?
A set of learned values and attitudes which develop through social interaction.
What is self-image?
The conception that one has of oneself
What is self-image related to?
Cooley’s looking-glass self
How do you create your self-image?
By what you see reflected back at you
What is the problem with self-image?
It might be wrong–you might have the wrong image.
Why do we need others to form a self-image?
Because we cannot conceive of ourselves without reference to others.
What is Mead’s conception of the self?
The ‘I’ and ‘Me’
What is the ‘I’?
The element of the self that is spontaneous, creative, impulsive, and at times unpredictable.
What is the ‘Me’?
Helps to control the ‘I’, the self-reflective part of the consciousness that thinks about how to behave.
What are Mead’s significant others?
Those around us from home we want approval (parents, peers, etc.)
-Authoritative figures
What are Mead’s generalized other?
The attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society that are internalized.
-Norms we react to.
What is the generalized other similar to? How?
collective conscience (Durkheim) -both aspects of society that impose socialization
What is Mead’s role-taking?
Process of mentally assuming the perspective of another?
What is role-taking similar to?
cultural relativism
What are the three stages to Mead’s development of self?
1) Preparatory Stage (birth to age 3)
2) Play Stage (ages 3 to 5)
3) Game Stage (elementary school years)
What is the Preparatory Stage?
Parents are reluctant to discipline their children in public: cameras everywhere. We give up autonomy to technology. Children learn from their parents. Children imitate what they see. Learn how to handle social events. Primed to move into social life.
What is the Play Stage?
Capacity to step outside themselves and image themselves to be someone else. Role-playing. ‘Me’ continues to develop as children begin to like positive reinforcement and dislike negative. Language takes off. Image yourself as someone else. Language important part of identity.
What is the Game Stage?
Children can take on multiple roles. Understanding who you ar win social fabric.
What is primary socialization?
Begins during game stage whereby children learn the attitudes, values, and behaviours for individuals in their culture.
What is secondary socialization?
Occurs in early adolescence and beyond through participating in groups that have defined roles and expectations (e.g., jobs, sports teams, clubs, and organizations).
-Expand your capacity to be integrated into various social organizations. Early adolescence and beyond.
What is Du Bois’ double consciousness?
Refers to a sense of self that is, in part, defined by others. Du Bois applied this term to african Americans specifically.
What is the double consciousness similar to?
looking-glass self
To whom might we apply the double consciousness to in Canada?
- Aboriginal youth in stores
- -> followed
- Muslim women wearing a scarf
- African Americans wearing a hood –> racial profiling
What are bicultural youth?
Who you are at home vs. who you are in public. You become another person.
What are agents of socialization?
Th individuals, groups, and social institutions that work together to help people become functioning members of society.
What are the four primary agents of socialization?
1) Family
2) Peers
3) Education
4) Mass Media
When are families responsible for socialization?
During formative years
How do families socialize us?
Learn values and attitudes, gender roles, social classes, and ethnic identities.
Why is the family as an agent of socialization a normative idea? What questions does this raise?
It is assumed that we all have a family that socializes us into a particular way of thinking. But what happens if you don’t have a family? Are you not socialized? Who socializes you?
What is the social learning theory?
Emphasizes importance of observing and imitating the behaviours of others.
What is gender stereotyping?
Includes the assignment of beliefs to men and women that are not based off act. Accomplished through modelling of gender appropriate behaviour.
- Children learn from what they see/are told –> gender stereotyping.
- Modelling of gender appropriate behaviour–roles for men and women
When does the importance of peers increase?
In adolescence as teens imitate friends as they receive rewards for likeness.
How do peers socialize us?
Peers may encourage a teen to pursue activities that society views as admirable (e.g., volunteer work, participation in school clubs). Peer groups may also encourage a teen to violate norms of society (e.g., through dress, drug use, crime, etc.).
How does educations socialize us?
Individuals spend a great deal of time in educational institutions. Learn knowledge and sill but also social roles through interactions with other children and with teachers.
What is hidden curriculum?
Includes the informal and unwritten rules the reinforce and maintains social conventions.
-What boys and girls are supposed to do (e.g., boys are expected to be good at math, girls aren’t).
What does gender socialization reinforce?
Roles that are appropriate for boys and for girls. Can be very subtle. (e.g., career counselling: what boys are led to think they can do [doctor, engineer, lawyer, etc.] vs. what girls are led to think they can do [teacher, nurse, social worker, etc.]).
-How teachers approach boys and girls.
What is mass media?
Communication produced by few people for consumption of the masses
Does mass media provide subtle or intense socialization?
subtle
How do music videos socialize young people?
- Type of music you grow up with
- They tell a story; provide insight
Why do we have music at funerals, weddings, etc.? Why do we have national anthems?
Powerful mover of people
How does reality TV socialize us?
Shows you how to be the winner. Reinforces the idea of competition.
What is the Youtube generation?
- Performing for yourself
- Watching each other
- Begin to act as if your life is recorded
- Pressure to perform in a certain way
- Pressure to be the same
Who is considered a young adult?
Those who have completed school.
Are people getting married and having children earlier or later in life?
Later
When does later adulthood occur?
between the ages of 40 and 60 (technically) though now it’s closer to 50 and 70 because people are getting married later and having children later
What does later adulthood focus on?
Career achievement, children leaving home, and preparation for retirement.
What does late adulthood and old age classification differ up?
Dependent upon definition, functional vs. chronological
What may entail a loss of identity? Why?
- Old age
- Because we don’t value our elderly
What does the final stage of the life course include?
The realization of approaching death
Why has the Kubler-Ross death course been tossed out?
- Because we don’t necessarily go through all or any of the stages
- People deal with grief differently
What are the 5 stages of the Kubler-Ross death course?
1) Denial, shock, and disbelief
2) Anger, hostility, and resentment
3) Bargaining, pleading with God
4) Depression, sorrow, guilt, and shame
5) acceptance, discussing their feelings openly
According to Kubler-Ross what is socialization into death similar to?
Other socialization processes
How does medically assisted death maybe fit in with the death course?
Stage 5 (acceptance, discussing their feelings openly) possibly.
What is the process of resocialization?
The process of learning new norms and attitudes. It is the complete transformation of a person’s personality. Usually the result of being institutionalized.
Does resocialization (of a sort) take place at university? How? How is it different?
- Yes, but it is of a more subtle nature
- Learn to respect authority, behave appropriately, do the job well.
What are total institutions?
Settings in which people are isolated from society and are supervised.
What are Goffman’s (1961 Asylums) 5 types of total institutions?
1) Help people who can’t take care of themselves–homes for the blind, aged, orphaned (medicalization of certain conditions)
2) Help people whoa re incapable of taking care of themselves and pose an unintended threat to the community–mental institutions
3) Protect community from those that would cause harm–prison (many should be in mental institutions –> the system has failed them)
4) Perform instrumental tasks requiring unique work arrangements–army camps, boarding schools, universities (to create a certain type of worker0
5) Retreats from the rest of the world–monasteries and convents
