Chapter 12- Textbook Flashcards
Generally speaking, what can we look at education as?
A means of producing good citizens.
What two ways does education happen?
formal and informal ways
What is formal education>
That which occurs in institutional settings, tends to be regulated and organized by the state.
What is informal education?
Involves learning activities that people seek outside of formally structured educational specs.
What do both formal and informal education contribute to?
social reproduction as education works to socialize the next generation
What are the earliest forms of formal education in Canada?
The residential schools that were established by missionaries an religious orders to educate Aboriginal peoples.
What did both industrialization and immigration create the need for?
An education system that would educate the masses. Education was essential to Canada’s economic development as well as the need of a common moral education.
What is a “common” education not to be understood as?
It is not to be understood as the “same” education. Boys were directed to ovational training and higher education and girls were streamed into domestic science courses. Boys and girls were often segregated within those schools.
Today, are Canadians spending more or fewer years in school?
More
What has there been a significant rise in ?
Postsecondary educational attainment.
What is massification?
The mass increase in postsecondary enrolment, in contrast to the smaller numbers that once constituted an elite group.
What is a result of massification?
A high school diploma today can no longer garner the same kind of paid job that it could even just a few decades ago.
Women account for___% of full-time undergraduate students in Canadian universities.
57
When we look at the rate of high school completion among those aged 25 to 64 in OECD countries, Canada fares very well, with___% of the population having earned a university degree.
64
What did Parsons argue is the functionalist approach to education?
Because schools function a social systems, Parsons argued that they need both to serve and reflect the values and interests of the society in which they operate. Schools help children to make the transition from being immersed in their individual homes an families to being future citizens able to function as workers in competitive spaces and as participants in public life.
How do schools help to maintain the equilibrium of the social system according to functionalism?
through two functions: allocation and socialization
What is allocation?
assigning grades and handing out certificates, diplomas, and degrees–schools act as a sorting mechanism for future roles in society; schools contribute to maintaining this equilibrium by training and sorting people to fulfill roles at all levels of the hierarchy
What is socialization?
Schools teach students how to function in the larger society–how to assimilate into that larger society Ultimately schools teach children to be “good” future citizens.
What is hidden curriculum?
Refers to the informal or less overt aspects of schooling that nonetheless influence and shape students by teaching them to be obedient, to value competitiveness, and so forth.
What is meritocracy ?
A society in which resources are distributed fairly on the basis of merit.
Why is the functionalist approach criticized?
For clinging to the idea of society as meritocracy, wherein resources are distributed fairly on the basis of merit.
How do conflict theorists understand schooling?
A serving the capitalist aims of profit and compliant workers. Schools are perceived as instrumental in preparing future conformers and thus as relinquishing their revolutionary possibilities for human development and progress.
What do conflict theorists believe inequality is?
Embedded in the very design of our capitalist society, and until these inequalities are remedied, education reforms alone cannot work.
What did Bowles and Gintis argue prevails between schools and the workplace.
Correspondence principle
What is the correspondence principle?
The principle whereby the structures of workplaces are reflected in the structure of schools.
Tuition increased by___% for general arts programs.
280
What was the average annual tuition for Canadian students in the arts?
$5581
Which two professional disciplines have the highest tuition?
dentistry and law
The realities of what are particularly highlighted in Canadian medical schools?
social class
Why is it important that people from all classes get into medical school?
If patients have access to doctors who are from a range of social classes and thus more likely to understand certain realities of patients’ lives.
Of students registered full-time, ___% are engaged in paid work while___% of part-time students are combining paid work with education.
48, 85
How do symbolic interactionist theorists’ approach education and schooling?
Tend to examine the meanings attached to school practices–not only for students but also for teachers, administrators, andarents. They also explore the symbolic aspects of education–for example, curriculum materials, language, and knowledge.
