Chapter 6 Lecture Flashcards
made of highly resilient, molded cartilage tissue that consists primarily of water
Skeletal cartilage
Provides support, flexibility, and resilience
Most abundant type; contains collagen fibers only
Articular (joints), costal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip)
Hyaline cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage, but contains elastic fibers
External ear and epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
Thick collagen fibers: has great tensile strength
Menisci of knee; vertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage
New matrix laid down on surface of cartilage
Appositional growth
Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within
New matrix made within cartilage
Interstitial growth
What are the 7 important functions of bones?
Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, hormone production
Long axis of body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Axial Skeleton
Bones of upper and lower limbs
Girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
covers outside of compact bone
Periosteum
covers inside portion of compact bone
endosteum
tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone
Diaphysis
ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
Epiphyses
Between diaphysis and epiphysi
epiphyseal line
outer layer consisting of dense irregular connective tissue consisting of Sharpey’s fibers that secure to bone matrix
Fibrous layer
inner layer abutting bone and contains primitive osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells
Osteogenic layer
Delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface
Endosteum
found within trabecular cavities of spongy bone and diploë of flat bones, such as sternum
Red marrow
Five major cell types, each of which is a specialized form of the same basic cell type:
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Bone-lining cells
Osteoclasts
Opening in the bone
foramen
Sites of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment in external surfaces
Bone Markings
one-forming cells that secrete unmineralized bone matrix called osteoid
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells in lacunae that no longer divide
Osteocytes
Flat cells on bone surfaces believed to also help maintain matrix
Bone Lining Cells
Derived from same hematopoietic stem cells that become macrophages
Osteoclasts
Also called lamellar bone
Consists of:
Osteon (Haversian system)
Canals and canaliculi
Interstitial and circumferential lamellae
Compact bone
small cavities that contain osteocytes
Lacunae
hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal
Canaliculi
Appears poorly organized but is actually organized along lines of stress to help bone resist any stress
Spongy Bone
makes up one-third of organic bone matrix, is secreted by osteoblasts
Osteoid
Mineral salts
Hydroxyapatites
Process of bone tissue formation
Ossification
Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
Endochondral ossification
Bone develops from fibrous membrane
Intramembranous ossification
Area of cartilage on epiphyseal side of epiphyseal plate that is relatively inactive
Resting (quiescent) zone
Area of cartilage on diaphysis side of epiphyseal plate that is rapidly dividing
Proliferation (growth) zone
