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Anatomy 101 > Chapter 6 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

made of highly resilient, molded cartilage tissue that consists primarily of water

A

Skeletal cartilage

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2
Q

Provides support, flexibility, and resilience

Most abundant type; contains collagen fibers only

Articular (joints), costal (ribs), respiratory (larynx), nasal cartilage (nose tip)

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but contains elastic fibers

External ear and epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

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4
Q

Thick collagen fibers: has great tensile strength

Menisci of knee; vertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage

New matrix laid down on surface of cartilage

A

Appositional growth

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6
Q

Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within

New matrix made within cartilage

A

Interstitial growth

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7
Q

What are the 7 important functions of bones?

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, hormone production

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8
Q

Long axis of body

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage

A

Axial Skeleton

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9
Q

Bones of upper and lower limbs

Girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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10
Q

covers outside of compact bone

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

covers inside portion of compact bone

A

endosteum

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12
Q

tubular shaft that forms long axis of bone

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

ends of long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally

A

Epiphyses

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14
Q

Between diaphysis and epiphysi

A

epiphyseal line

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15
Q

outer layer consisting of dense irregular connective tissue consisting of Sharpey’s fibers that secure to bone matrix

A

Fibrous layer

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16
Q

inner layer abutting bone and contains primitive osteogenic stem cells that gives rise to most all bone cells

A

Osteogenic layer

17
Q

Delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface

A

Endosteum

18
Q

found within trabecular cavities of spongy bone and diploë of flat bones, such as sternum

A

Red marrow

19
Q

Five major cell types, each of which is a specialized form of the same basic cell type:

A

Osteogenic cells

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Bone-lining cells

Osteoclasts

20
Q

Opening in the bone

A

foramen

21
Q

Sites of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment in external surfaces

A

Bone Markings

22
Q

one-forming cells that secrete unmineralized bone matrix called osteoid

A

Osteoblasts

23
Q

Mature bone cells in lacunae that no longer divide

A

Osteocytes

24
Q

Flat cells on bone surfaces believed to also help maintain matrix

A

Bone Lining Cells

25
Q

Derived from same hematopoietic stem cells that become macrophages

A

Osteoclasts

26
Q

Also called lamellar bone

Consists of:
Osteon (Haversian system)
Canals and canaliculi
Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

A

Compact bone

27
Q

small cavities that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

28
Q

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal

A

Canaliculi

29
Q

Appears poorly organized but is actually organized along lines of stress to help bone resist any stress

A

Spongy Bone

30
Q

makes up one-third of organic bone matrix, is secreted by osteoblasts

A

Osteoid

31
Q

Mineral salts

A

Hydroxyapatites

32
Q

Process of bone tissue formation

A

Ossification

33
Q

Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

34
Q

Bone develops from fibrous membrane

A

Intramembranous ossification

35
Q

Area of cartilage on epiphyseal side of epiphyseal plate that is relatively inactive

A

Resting (quiescent) zone

36
Q

Area of cartilage on diaphysis side of epiphyseal plate that is rapidly dividing

A

Proliferation (growth) zone

Anatomy 101 (12 decks)

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