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Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 > Chapter 6 ( learn and memorize ) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 ( learn and memorize ) Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of cartilage

A

perichondrium , hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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2
Q

perichondrium

A

dense layer of tissue that surrounds cartilage, helps resist outward expansion

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3
Q

Three cells that make up cartilage

A

Chondroblasts, chondrocytes, lacunae

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4
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

For support and stability, most abundant youll find them in joints

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5
Q

elastic

A

Stretchier and flexibile, in ear

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6
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

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7
Q

Chondroblasts

A

cartilage forming cells

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8
Q

chondrocytes

A

Cells that secrete cartilage.

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9
Q

Cartilage growth names (2)

A

Appositional, interstitial

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10
Q

Appositional

A

placed side to side, External surface

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11
Q

interstitial

A

Is mitosis, pertaining to spaces between cells in a tissue or organ

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12
Q

Functions of bone

A

support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride, hormone production

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13
Q

how many named bones are there

A

206

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14
Q

axial skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

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15
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

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16
Q

Compact vs spongy

A

Spongy bone is a mesh of bony spines called trabeculae and compact bone looks smooth and is solid

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17
Q

Structures of short, irregular and flat bones

A

Diploe, periosteum , bone marrow scattered, hyaline on joint surfaces

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18
Q

Diploe

A

Thin plates, spongy layer between internal layer and external layer

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19
Q

Periosteum

A

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

20
Q

Bone marrow scattered

A

hyaline on joint surfaces

21
Q

Hyaline on joint surfaces

A

Stops bone from grinding onto other bones, allows for gliding

22
Q

Bone marrow scattered

A

When the red or yellow bone marrow is dispered all around the spongy bone

23
Q

Structure of Long Bones

A

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal line ( or plate )

24
Q

Diaphysis

25
Q

Epiphysis

A

2 ends of a bone

26
Q

Epiphysis line ( or plate )

A

Transparent line in adult bone; also called growth plate

27
Q

Membranes of long bones

A

Periosteum, Endosteum

28
Q

Periosteum

A

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

29
Q

Endosteum

A

lines the medullary cavity

30
Q

Red Marrow new born vs. Adults

A

The medullar cavity of long and spongy bones contain red bone marrow, in adults red bone marrow is found in the head and in the in flat bones and irregular bones, the majority of adults have yellow marrow

31
Q

Why would yellow bone marrow ever convert into red bone marrow

32
Q

Bone markings

A

Projection, depression, openings

33
Q

projection

A

places that have increased stress on them

34
Q

Depressions

A

Groove like cuts that allow for locations as passageways for vessels or nerves

35
Q

Openings

A

Holes or canals that allow for something to move through a bone

36
Q

Cells of microscopic anatomy

A

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, none lining cells, osteoclasts

37
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Mito actively active stem cells,

38
Q

osteoblasts

A

matrix synthesizing cell responsible for bone growth

39
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cell, monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

40
Q

Bone lining cells

A

flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on

41
Q

osteoclasts

A

Bone resorbing cell

42
Q

Osteon ( Haversian System )

A

structural unit of compact bone

43
Q

Lamellae

A

rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae

44
Q

Canals and canaliculi of compact bone

A

little channels that connect lacunae

45
Q

central canal

A

contain nerve fibers and

46
Q

lacunae

A

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

47
Q

Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

A
  • Interstitial lamellae
  • Lamellae that are not part of osteon
  • Some fill gaps between forming osteons; others are remnants of osteons cut by bone remodeling
  • Circumferential lamellae
  • Just deep to periosteum, but superficial to endosteum, these layers of lamellae extend around entire surface of diaphysis
  • Help long bone to resist twisting

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 (4 decks)

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