Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Geography 12 AP > Chapter 6 - Language > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Language Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is a language?

A

A set of sounds and symbols that are used for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a standard language?

A

It is a language that is widely distributed and purposefully taught

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are dialects?

A

Regional variants of the standard language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an isogloss?

A

A geographic boundary within a linguistic feature occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is mutual intelligibility?

A

It means that two people can understand each other when speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a dialect chain?

A

The concept that the further away you go from a dialect, the less mutually intelligible the dialects become

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are language families?

A

They are groups of languages with shared but distant origins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are subfamilies?

A

They are divisions within a language family where commonalities are more definite and origin is more recent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of a language family?

A

The Indo-European language family (english)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a sound shift?

A

Changes in a word across subfamilies (latta for milk in Latin, lait in French)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is proto-indo-european?

A

The concept of a language that preceded indo-european that was the hearth of Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is backward reconstruction?

A

A technique that tracks sound shifts back to the original language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an extinct language?

A

A language without any native speakers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is deep reconstruction?

A

Reconstructing extinct languages to find the language that preceded it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Nostratic language?

A

The language that preceded proto-indo-european

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is language divergence?

A

The lack of interaction between speakers of a language that breaks the language into dialects and then eventually distinct languages

17
Q

What is language convergence?

A

The collapsing of two languages into one due to interaction

18
Q

Where do researchers believe that proto-indo-european originated from?

A

Around the Black Sea

19
Q

What is the Renfrew Hypothesis?

A

Renfrew’s idea that proto-indo-european originated from Turkey, and then diffused into many families

20
Q

What is conquest theory?

A

The theory of how speakers of proto-indo-european spread the language into Europe through conquest on horseback

21
Q

What is the dispersal hypothesis?

A

The theory that indo-european languages were carried into Southwest Asia, and then into the Balkans

22
Q

What are the three major subfamilies of European language?

A

Germanic (German, English, Danish), Romance (French, Spanish, Italian), and Slavic (Russian, Polish, Czech)

23
Q

What is a lingua franca?

A

A language used among speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade (frankish traders combining their language with Greek, Spanish, etc for the purpose of trading). A modern example would be Swahili

24
Q

What is a pidgin language?

A

When people combine parts of languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary

25
Q

What is a Creole language?

A

A developed pidgin language that has become a native language (African slaves mixed their native languages with English, French to create Creole)

26
Q

What is a monolingual state?

A

A state where only one language is spoken (Japan, Poland)

27
Q

What is a multilingual state?

A

A state where more than one language is spoken (Belgium, Canada)

28
Q

What is a global language?

A

The common language of trade around the world

29
Q

What is a toponym?

A

The name of a place, can be of many categories that help define a place (Rocky Mountains being descriptive, Jefferson City being possessive)

30
Q

What can toponyms reveal about a place?

A

French toponyms in Louisiana can reveal migration flows, Welsh toponyms in Pennsylvania, etc

31
Q

How does changing the toponym change a place?

A

It can wipe out past history and bring in a new history

32
Q

Why do countries adopt official languages?

A

Adopted by countries with linguistic fragmentation to tie people together (African countries adopting English, French, Portuguese)

Human Geography 12 AP (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions