Chapter 6: Key Self Motives Flashcards
4 self related motives that guide human behaviour:
- We want to view ourselves as a coherent whole
- We want to control how others perceive us
- See ourselves in a positive light
- Grow learn and improve
Cognitive dissonance theory
We don’t like having inconsistently so we change our bias
3 ways to reduce dissonance
- change one of the cognitions
- add a 3rd cognition
- downplay the cognitions that are inconsistent
Free choice paradigm
- focus on the good stuff with the option you chose, and focus on the bad stuff with the option you didn’t chose
Induced compliance paradigm
When ur made to engage w something that you don’t agree with
Go against ur values
Induced hypocrisy paradigm
When someone has an opinion they believe in but are reminded by a time they went against that option
Minimal deterrence
More minor punishments can be better than major punishment
Self verification
We seek out situations and pols who verify who you are
Ex: if I think I’m funny I’m gonna hang around people that laugh at my jokes
Self complexity
You want all the parts of urself to be in harmony
Don’t wanna act too diff with diff people, or have on thing to be ur whole personality
Possible selves
Vivid images of what the self might become in the future
Self serving attributions
Taking credit for success and blaming situations for failures
Self handicapping
Placing obstacles in our way so we can’t succeed and can avoid the failure
So you now have an excuse as to why you failed
Better than average effect
Ex: oh I got a B but I’m still above average cus most people got below a B
Projection
Telling someone they have a trait that that person fears they possess themselves
Compensation
Bringing up one area of ur life bc on area is bad
Ex: you did bad on exam so you post a selfie so people can compliment you and it bring up ur self esteem
Self affirmation theory
Thinking of other areas of ur life that are important to you and you tend to succeed at
Basking in reflected glory
Affiliating with people who are successful
Ex: if I hand out with successful pll then I’ll feel apart of it
Ostracism
Being excluded from a group
Individualistic cultures
Self esteem is derived by proving superior skill nd abilities
Collective cultures
A community tat prioritizes the group over the individual
Extrinsic
Self esteem is provided by external rewards and feedback from others
Intrinsic
Inner qualities
Self monitoring
Adjust their self presentation for different audiences
High self monitors
Better at cynical performances
Low self monitor
More consistent in self presentations
Self determination theory
People function bet when they feel their actions stem from their own desires rather than from external forces
3 basic psychological needs (autonomous motivation)
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
Intrinsic motivation
Performing a behaviour bc it’s interesting or enjoyable
Extrinsic Motivation
Performing behaviour for external reason
A motivation
Complete absence of intention and motivation to behave
Autonomous motivation
Behaving out of personal choice and offers the platform for people to express their true selves and values
Controlled motivation
Behaviours that are performed out of external or internal pressures
Locus of control
Extent to which a Person believes that either internal or external factors determine life outcomes
Over justification effect
Ex: a child makes drawings for fun, but then is paid for each drawing she makes, now she sees drawing as a job rather than a hobby
How can you maximize self growth?
- get in the zone (flow)
- positive mood
- mindfulness
- expand mind, explore the world
