Chapter 11: Group Processes Flashcards
Entitativity
The degree to which a collection of people feels like a cohesive group
-entity
-cohesive
Common bond
The degree to which members interact and depend on one another
-communal sharing
Common identity
The degree to which groups share similar characteristics
Uncertainty-identity theory
Ppl join and identify with groups in order to reduce negative feelings of uncertainty about themselves and others
Social identity theory
We join groups bc it serves a part of our identity and it makes us feel good, bringing up our self esteem
Cooperation in groups
So you can either screw over ur teammate and get the upper hand
Or you can both screw over each other and both don’t get the upper hand
Or you can both trust eachother and help eachother
All about Trust
The commons dilemma
Using a scarce resource benefits you buy hurts the group (ex: buying all the toilet paper during Covid )
Public goods dilemma
Resources only exist if we all contribute
The ultimatum game
“Decider” and “recipient “
Ex: kid has 10 candies and decides how many he wants to give recipient. They give less and the recipient can decide if he accepts or declines
The dictator game
Same thing but the recipient can’t decide they just have to accept and deal with what the decider gives them
When do people cooperate?
- situational factors
- personality traits
- culture influences
Why do people cooperate?
Biological basis (oxytocin) ( feel good hormone)
Social facilitation theory
-presence of others increases a persons dominant response in a performance situation
-the reason we preform better infront of others is bc it nighters our arousal
- but when its a new task being infront of people will make you preform worse
Challenge response
Blood flow
Preform better
Threatened response
Not prepared
New task
The role of evaluation
Worry about what others think about me
Social loafing
- put less effort bc ur in a group
- step back when working with others
Disjunctive tasks
Only requires one member to succeed
Conductive task
Requires all members to succeed
Deindividuation
A tendency to lose one’s sense of individuality when in a group or crowd
-bc ur overstimulated
-bc there’s more to focus on the outside than inside
Group polarization
Shift group members to one extreme position
Groupthink
The tendency to flawed group decision making when group members are so intent on keeping group harmony that they fail to analyze a problem completely
Risky shift
Make riskier decisions
Persuasive arguments theory
Looking for other people to know something
Social comparison theory
Cycle of comparison & amplification: one person I group tries to compare themselves w another
- ex: I live trump
-no I love trump
-oh well I’m voting for him
So overtime it gets more n more extreme bc everyone’s trying to compete and be better
Group invulnerability
May be many people in the group that don’t agree but don’t say anything
Why do ppl fail groupthink
-too focused d on being unanimous than saying how they feel
-they wanna keep the group tgt so they remain silent
How does groupthink affect decision making
-don’t group enough info before making a decision
-don’t fully consider other perspectives
How to improve groupthink
-increase group diversity
-focus on achieving best outcomes rather than harmony
-encourage individuality
