Chapter 6- Henry VII's Rule in England (Rebellions)

Question 1

Why was there so much unrest at the start of his reign?

Answer 1

He was a usurper and ha a weak claim to the throne through Margaret Beaufort who descended from Catherine Swynford and John of Gaunt, their first child (John Beaufort) was born out of wedlock.

Question 2

How did Henry attempt to secure his position?

Answer 2

Started his reign from the day before Bosworth so that any who acted against him were traitors.
Arranged his coronation for the 30th of October so no one could claim he had been made king by Parliament.

Question 3

What was the significance of his marriage to Elizabeth of York ad its date?

Answer 3

United the houses by marrying Elizabeth of York but the marriage took place in January 1486 after his coronation so it couldn’t be said he owed his crown to his wife.

Question 4

Who were the surviving Yorkist claimants?

Answer 4

Richard’s nephews, Edward, Earl of Warwick was sent to the Tower but John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln professed his loyalty and joined the King’s Council.

Question 5

How did Henry deal with other potential Yorkist supporters?

Answer 5

He kept the Earl of Surrey in prison until 1489 and released Northumberland in 1485 and restored him to control over the north.

Question 6

What advantages did Henry have compared to Richard?

Answer 6

The country was war-weary and would support a king who offered peace and stability.
He wasn’t dependent on someone like the Earl of Warwick.
He replaced an unpopular and a dead king.

Question 7

When and where was the Lovell and Stafford conspiracy?

Answer 7

1486 in the Midlands, the north and Wales

Question 8

What caused the Lovell and Stafford conspiracy?

Answer 8

Annoyed Yorkists who had supported Richard.

Question 9

How did Henry solve the Lovell and Stafford conspiracy?

Answer 9

He sent an armed force resulting in Lord Lovell fleeing to Flanders, Humphrey Stafford’s execution and Thomas Stafford’s pardon.
The Welsh rebellion led by the Herberts and the Vaughans was crushed by Rhys ap Thomas.

Question 10

What were the consequences of the Lovell and Stafford conspiracy?

Answer 10

Henry capitalised on it and visited the north achieving loyalty and obedience.

Question 11

When was the Yorkshire tax rebellion and who led it?

Answer 11

1489, it was led by Sir John Egremont (a Yorkist supporter)

Question 12

What cause the Yorkshire Rebellion?

Answer 12

Henry’s attempts to raise money to aid Brittany against France. Yorkshire was annoyed because other northern counties were exempt under the expectation of defending the north against Scotland.

Question 13

Who was killed in the Yorkshire Rebellion?

Answer 13

The Earl of Northumberland was murdered when he tried to collect the taxes.

Question 14

What were the consequences of the Yorkshire Rebellion?

Answer 14

No taxes were collected, it showed that ruling the north required negotiation due to weak royal authority. Henry appointed the Earl of Surrey as his northern representative because Surrey had no interest there and his loyalty was guaranteed because he was yet to be restored all of his estates.

Question 15

When was the Cornish tax rebellion?

Answer 15

1497

Question 16

Why did the Cornish rebellion happen?

Answer 16

Henry tried to collect money to fight Scotland which didn’t concern the south.

Question 17

Describe the events of the Cornish rebellion

Answer 17

Rebels assembled in Bodmin in May 1497 and attracted 15,000 supporters but only one noble, Lord Audley. The rebels specified that their attack was against Morton and Bray (blamed for tax demands). Henry crushed them with 25,000 men at Blackheath in June 1497.

Question 18

What were the consequences of the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 18

It showed that the country wasn’t going to fund campaigns to defend the Tudor monarchy and it showed that Henry was willing to execute and torture leaders. The serious aspect was Perkin Warbeck’s involvement.

Question 19

When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?

Answer 19

1486-1487

Question 20

Describe the events of the Simnel rebellion

Answer 20

Simnel claimed to be the Earl of Warwick and gained support in Oxford, then Ireland even being crowned Edward VI there. Margaret of Burgundy gave money and 2000 mercenaries. Despite offering a pardon and parading the real Warwick around, support continued with the Earl of Lincoln joining.

Question 21

How did Henry stop the Simnel rebellion?

Answer 21

He beat them at Stoke in battle in June 1487.

Question 22

What were the consequences of the Simnel rebellion?

Answer 22

A weak claimant had drawn the King into battle, it could easily have been like Bosworth. The foreign aid was also a threat.

Question 23

When was the Warbeck uprising?

Answer 23

1491-97

Question 24

Why was the Yorkist element in the Warbeck uprising so strong?

Answer 24

Firstly, Lincoln went to Ireland, secondly Warbeck claimed to be Edward’s second son, Richard, Duke of York. This was difficult for Henry because he couldn’t parade the real Richard as he was dead.

Question 25

What happened with the French and Warbeck?

Answer 25

Warbeck was joined in the French court by 100 Yorkist supprters. Henry signed the Treaty of Etaples in 1492 stopping France from habouring rebels. So Warbeck went to Flanders.

Question 26

What happened with Flanders and Warbeck?

Answer 26

He had Margaret’s support so Henry broke of the lucrative cloth trade. Warbeck moved on to Maximillian.

Question 27

What happened between Maximillian and Warbeck?

Answer 27

Maximillian (Holy Roman Empire) recognised him as Richard IV but was financially insufficient to help him.

Question 28

What nobles were involved in the Warbeck rebellion?

Answer 28

Sir William Stanley, Henry discovered this using his spy network.

Question 29

What happened with Warbeck and Deal?

Answer 29

Warbeck landed at Deal in 1495, but the local militia easily defeated him and he fled to Scotland.

Question 30

What happened between Ireland and Warbeck?

Answer 30

He failed to capture Waterford so fled to Scotland.

Question 31

What happened between Scotland and Warbeck?

Answer 31

Married James IV’s cousin and was provided 1500 troops to invade the north but failed due to a lack of support. Henry offered a marriage between James IV and Henry’s daughter Margaret. Henry and James signed the Truce of Ayton.

Question 32

What happened between the Cornish rebellion and Warbeck?

Answer 32

He tried to capitalise on the rebellion but was forced from Exeter and Taunton and had to seek sanctuary.

Question 33

When did Warbeck surrender?

Answer 33

November 1497

Question 34

Why was Warbeck put in the Tower?

Answer 34

He tried to run away in 1498.

Question 35

When and why were Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick executed?

Answer 35

For allegedly plotting together in November 1499.

Question 36

What were the consequence of the Warbeck rebellion?

Answer 36

Showed how desperate the Yorkists were that they were willing to support a pretender. The foreign element was strong but Henry had combatted it well.

Question 37

Why did Edmund de la Pole flee court?

Answer 37

Henry had refused to make him the Duke of Suffolk so he fled France in 1499, he then returned but fled again in 1501 to the Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 38

When and what were the three bombshells for Henry?

Answer 38

Edmund, his third son died in 1500
His heir, Arthur died in 1502
His wife, Elizabeth died in 1503

Question 39

What did the Parliament of 1504 do?

Answer 39

Passed 52 Acts of Attainder, many against the Suffolk family. It showed Henry’s concerns.

Question 40

How and when was Edmund de la Pole captured?

Answer 40

IN 1506, Philip of Burgundy was forced by storms to land in England. In exchange for his life, he had to hand Edmund over. Edmund was placed in the Tower in April 1506.

Question 41

What order did Perkin Warbeck go in?

Answer 41

Ireland, France, Flanders, Maximillian, Deal, ireland, Scotland, Ireland, Cornish rebellion.