Chapter 5- Edward IV

Question 1

Who did Edward reward when he regained the throne?

Answer 1

Made Lord Hastings the Captain of Calais.
Shared Warwick’s estates between Gloucester and Clarence.
Made his stepson, Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset in 1475.

Question 2

How did Edward punish Lancastrian supporters?

Answer 2

He only issued fines and pardons e.g. Lord Stanley

Question 3

How did Edward control Wales?

Answer 3

He replaced William Herbert’s heir with the Council of Wales based in Ludlow.

Question 3

Who formed the household at Ludlow?

Answer 3

Edward V was in the household run by Anthony, Earl Rivers. Most men in the household were loyal to the king, not the Woodvilles.

Question 4

Who resented the Woodvilles?

Answer 4

The Duke of Buckingham

Question 5

Was the council of Wales effective?

Answer 5

Lawlessness declined and Richard III formed a Council of the North during his reign.

Question 6

What was Edward’s policy towards the north?

Answer 6

He chose his brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland to control the north.

Question 7

What evidence is there that Edward’s conciliatory policy worked?

Answer 7

Percy had been restored in 1471 when he didn’t block Edward’s progress as he reclaimed the throne.

Question 8

Who was the Duke of Gloucester?

Answer 8

The King’s brother and his lieutenant. His northern powerbase assisted him in gaining the throne in 1483.

Question 9

How did Edward try to control Ireland?

Answer 9

He tried to impose a deputy, Lord Grey in 1478 but he returned home after facing so much resistance. If Edward was prepared to leave the Earls of Kildare in charge, then Ireland posed no threat.

Question 10

Describe Edward’s domestic policy

Answer 10

He centred himself in the government and aimed to improve its efficiency by selecting the right men.
He relied on nobility such as the Stanleys in Lancashire and Cheshire to keep order.
He introduced more lower rank men like Bishop Morton of Ely, William Lord Hastings and William Parr because he could rely on them.

Question 11

Who did Edward rely on to maintain peace?

Answer 11

Nobility, if they failed he replaced them like William Herbert in South Wales.

Question 12

Describe the last rebellion Edward experienced

Answer 12

The Kent rebellion of 1471 led by Thomas, Bastard of Fauconberg (Warwick’s cousin).

Question 13

Describe the last Lancastrian attack Edward experienced

Answer 13

In 1473, the Earl of Oxford captured St Michael’s Mount in Cornwall but surrendered by the end of the year.

Question 14

What did Edward do to his brother?

Answer 14

He had him drowned in a vat of wine in 1478 for treason.

Question 15

What did Edward ignore within law and order?

Answer 15

He ignored a lot of corruption in the justice system and had some wrongdoing’s with inheritances e.g. the dukedom of Exeter was passed to the daughter of the Duchess (Edward’s sister) by her 2nd marriage to Thomas St Leger.

Question 16

Did Edward solve piracy?

Answer 16

He solved piracy because it interfered with his foreign policy.

Question 17

How much debt did Edward inherit?

Answer 17

Over £350,000

Question 18

What financial systems did Edward utilise?

Answer 18

The chamber system of finance brought in more money as corruption reduced. The land revenue experiment was developed further with all crown land’s revenues in the Crown’s possession going into the Chamber.

Question 18

How much did Edward improve custom duties?

Answer 18

Increased them to approx. £35,000 a year.

Question 19

Describe the Treaty of Picquigny

Answer 19

In 1475, the treaty was formed with France which got him 50,000 gold crowns a year so he could ‘live off of his own’.

Question 20

What happened in January 1476?

Answer 20

Edward handed Margaret over to France in exchange for £100,000 and her renouncing all claims to English lands and titles.

Question 21

When was the Treaty of Chateaugiron formed?

Answer 21

September 1472, it saw Brittany commit to an invasion of Gascony or Normandy.

Question 22

What did Brittany do behind Edward’s back?

Answer 22

They formed an truce with France but still encouraged Edward.

Question 23

When was the Treaty of London formed?

Answer 23

In July 1474, Burgundy joined England and Brittany against France’s expansion policies.

Question 24

How much did Edward receive from Parliament and the Church to fund the French campaign?

Answer 24

£100,000 from Parliament and £50,000 from the Church.

Question 25

What happened when Edward went to attack France?

Answer 25

He arrived in Calais in July of 1475 to find no allies, fortunately, France was keen to form a truce. How serious Edward was is uncertain he was reluctant without allies’ help and it was late in the fighting season.

Question 26

When was the Treaty of Picquigny formed?

Answer 26

On the 29th of August 1475

Question 27

What were the terms of the Treaty of Picquigny?

Answer 27

A ten-year truce
A yearly £50,000 pension to Edward
Edward left France for £75,000
No secret alliances
Charles was to marry Elizabeth of York
Merchant tolls to be abolished
Aid each other against rebellions

Question 28

What happened after Charles of Burgundy’s death?

Answer 28

In 1477, Mary came to the throne, she was married to Maximillian of Austria (heir to the Holy Roman Empire).

Question 29

What were the terms of the 1480 Burgundian treaty?

Answer 29

Edward would support them if they would pay £50,000 crowns should France stop his pension, however, Edward negotiated secretly with France.

Question 30

When did Mary of Burgundy die and what were the consequences?

Answer 30

1482,the Treaty of Arras between France and Burgundy promised the infant heiress, Margaret to the French dauphin, which lost Edward his daughter’s marriage and France stopped his pension.

Question 31

What was Edward’s policy towards Scotland?

Answer 31

They remained on good terms, until Louis stirred up some cross-border raiding, due to a marriage arrangement between Edward’s daughter, Cecily and the Scottish heir, James. In response, Edward began military preparations. Gloucester led a 1482 attack to put the Duke of Albany on the throne.

Question 32

How successful was Gloucester’s attack on Scotland?

Answer 32

He captured Edinburgh and James III but the Duke of Albany defected so Gloucester retreated capturing Berwick-on-Tweed which added to the north’s security and bordered Scotland.

Question 33

What were the successes of Edward’s foreign policies?

Answer 33

His dynasty was recognised on the continent.
His reign was characterised by peace and rising prosperity.
The Treaties of London and Picquigny was a success until the Treaty of Arras.

Question 34

What were the failures of Edward’s foreign policies?

Answer 34

After 1475, he let wealth dictate his policies.
His Scottish-campaign was ill-judged.
He lacked financial means to be involve with 2 campaigns simultaneously.

Question 35

When did Edward the IV die?

Answer 35

On the 9th of April 1483 aged 40.