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Global Health Exam II > Chapter 6 - Health of Younger Adults > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Health of Younger Adults Flashcards

1
Q

Health risk profile for young adults

A

Varies by sex and world region

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2
Q

Common concerns for health in early adulthood

A

Mental health
Injuries
Infectious disease (including HIV)
Reproductive health

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3
Q

Top 5 causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescents worldwide, by sex and age, in 2004

A 
Mental issues (Unipolar depressive disorders, bipolar, schizophrenia) are top causes of illness and disability for FEMALES
Alcohol use and violence are  the leading issues of disability in MALE only

Self-inflicted injuries, road traffic accidents, violence (only male) , and fire related death (ONLY FEMALES) are leading causes of death for both females and males)

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4
Q

Mental and behavioral health disorders

A

Account for at least 12% of the global burden of disease

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5
Q

Commit suide

A

10-20 mil attempted a suide but only 1 mil succeeded

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6
Q

Neuropsychiatric conditions

A

the leading cause of disability for young adults in every region of the world

  • Depression
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Schizophrenia

Mental healthcare services are extremely underused

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7
Q

Healthcare resources

A

China, Brazil and USA have more psychiatrists per 100,000 people compared to South Korea, Poland, India, Kenya, and Sierra Leone

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8
Q

Injuries

A

Men have higher likelihood than women of death generally and death due to injuries in part because of hazardous occupations and risk behaviors

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9
Q

Injuries in women

A

Women are more likely to be victims of domestic violence

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10
Q

All countries we are studying have declining probably of a 15 year old dying before age 60, except

A

Kenya

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11
Q

Male have generally higher annual death rate per 10,000 people for specific injury related causes worldwide, except of

A

Fires-related injuries

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12
Q

Prebirth and infancy violence against women

A

Sex-selective abortion

Effects of battering during pregnancy on birth outcomes

Female infanticide

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13
Q

Girlhood violence

A

Physical,sexual, and psychological abuse by family members

Female genital mutilation

Forced sexual initiation (including child marriage)

Child prostitution and pornography

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14
Q

Adolescence and adulthood

A

Physical, sexual, psychological abuse by family members

Dating and courtship violence (acid throwing or date rape)

Intimate partner abuse

Forced prostitution

Nonpartner coerced sex, including rape

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15
Q

Sex

A

Biological classification (XX/XY)

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16
Q

Gender

A

Social, cultural, psychological aspects of being male or female

Gender roles: cultural beliefs about how men and women should behave

17
Q

Men are more likely than women to

A

have lung, bladder, mouth, esophageal, stomach, liver diseases/ cancer

die from traffic accidents, poisonings, falls, drowning, violence, and war

infected with tropical infections like trypanosomiasis (flies), and schistosomiasis (water)

commit suicide and have drug disorders

TB and COPD

18
Q

Women are more likely than men to have

A

cancers of reproductive system

Sexual transmitted infections

Fires related deaths

Mental health disorders

Vision problems related to glaucoma

Alzheimer’s and other dementias

Diabetes

Musculoskeletal disorders

Autoimmune disease like Lupus

Iron deficiency

Live to very old age

19
Q

HPV 6 & 11

A

Cause 90% of genital warts

20
Q

HPV 16 & 18

A

70% of cervical cancer

40%-50% of vulvar cancer and 70% of vaginal cancer

21
Q

Reproductive health

A

is important for both women and men

about 350,000 women die worldwide per year as a result of pregnancy or childbirth

women in sub-saharan Africa are 140x more likely to die than the US, Canada, or Europe

22
Q

Obstetric fistula

A

Is a hole between the vagina and rectum or bladder that is caused by prolonged obstructed labor, leaving a woman incontinent of urine or feces or both

23
Q

Lifetime risk of death due to pregnancy related causes

A

Sierra Leone - 1 in every 23
Kenya - 1 in every 55
USA - 1 in every 2400

24
Q

Preventive interventions for Maternal Mortality

A

Family planning/birth spacing

Antiretroviral drugs for women with HIV infection

Iron and folic acid supplements

Malaria treatment to prevent or treat anemia

Calcium supplements

Tetanus toxoid immunization

Diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions that could complicate a healthy pregnancy: diabetes, heart disease, anemia, and asthma

25
Q

Treatment interventions

A

Detection and management of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia

Antibiotics for premature rupture of membranes to prevent sepsis

Skilled attendants during labor, delivery, and the postpartum stage

Early detection of postpartum maternal complications such as hemorrhage

Early referral to professional obstetric care for women experiencing maternal complications during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or after delivery

26
Q

Family planning

A

Women and babies are generally healthier when women have fewer pregnancies and children are spaced apart

27
Q

Contraceptives use

A

Highest in China and lowest in Sierra Leona

28
Q

Abortion

A

Is not a form of contraception since it does not prevent pregnancy

29
Q

Fertility

A

Gravidity - Total number of pregnancies

Fertility - total number of births (live births + still births)

Parity - total number of live births

30
Q

Fertility rates

A

High-income countries have lower fertility rates than lower-income countries

31
Q

Total fertility rates

A

Kenya has the highest (higher than Sierra Leone) even tho Sierra Leone has lower rate of using contraceptive methods

32
Q

Malthusian catastrophes

A

Famine, epidemics, and war due to overpopulation

33
Q

Ecological footprint

A

the per capita area of land needed to meet a population’s consumption patterns

USA has the highest number of ecological footprint of consumption

34
Q

Population policies

A

The goal of population planning policies is to promote a population growth rate in line with desired demographic and socioeconomic profiles

Global Health Exam II (5 decks)

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