Chapter 6 - Gait and Posture Analysis Flashcards
Main functions of Lower Kinetic Chain
- to provide a stable BOS in standing
- to propel body through space with gait (gait is controlled instability)
What are the 3 essential requirements for gait?
1) Progression
2) Postural Control
3) Adaptation
Progression
The “fall” that occurs at initiation of gait controlled by CNS, CNS computes in advanced the required size and direction of this fall
Postural Control
Dynamically maintained to properly position the body for efficient gait
Adaptation
Achieved by adjusting the central pattern to meet task and environmental demands
Stance Phase
60-65% of gait cycle
Foot is in contact with ground and the limb is bearing weight
Swing Phase
35-40% of gait cycle
Foot is not in contact with the ground
Weight Acceptance
Initial contact and loading response (first 10% of gait cycle)
Double support at this time, both feet are on the floor
Single Leg Support Intervals
Midstance, terminal stance, preswing
Midstance
- first half of single-leg support
- begins as one foot is lifted and continues until the body weight is aligned over forefoot
Terminal Stance
- second half of single-leg support
- begins with heel of weight-bearing foot lifting and continues until contralateral foot strikes ground
Preswing
-begins with initial contact of contralateral limb and ends with ipsilateral toe-off
Swing Phase Intervals
Initial swing, midswing, terminal swing
What are the primary sources of motion during swing phase?
Gravity and momentum
Initial Swing
-begins with lifting of the foot from the floor and ends when swinging foot is opposite the stance foot
Midswing
-begins as swinging foot is opposite stance limb and ends when swinging foot is forward and the tibia is vertical
Terminal Swing
-begins with vertical tibia of swing foot and ends the moment the foot strikes the floor
Step Width
Distance between both feet, normally 5-10 cm (2-4 in). Forms BOS (COG must be over BOS for equilibrium)
Step Length
Distance between point of initial contact of one foot and initial contact of other foot (average is 28 inches)
Stride Length
Distance between successive points of foot to floor contact of same foot (step length + step length = stride length) normal is 56 inches
Cadence
number of steps taken in a certain time (normal is 90-120/min)
Velocity
Distance a body moves in a given time
V = d/t
What causes the Vertical Ground Reaction Force?
- gravity
- body weight
- firmness of the ground
Where does the Vertical Ground Reaction Force peak during gait?
1st = maximum limb loading during loading response 2nd = during terminal stance