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Musculoskeletal > Chapter 17 - The Elbow > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - The Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the elbow?

A
  • enables proper positioning of the hand
  • allows transmission of power from the shoulder to the hand
  • augmenting the versatility and agility of the UE
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2
Q

Where does the anterior joint capsule originate and insert?

A 
Origin = distal humerus proximal to radial and coronoid fossa
Insert = distally into the rim of the coronoid and annular ligament
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3
Q

Where does the posterior joint capsule attach?

A

Attaches distally along the articular margin of the sigmoid notch and proximal aspect of olecranon process

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4
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

A

Uniaxial hinge joint (between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna)

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5
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Flexion, extension

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6
Q

What are the resting and closed packed positions of the humeroulnar joint?

A 
Resting = 70 elbow flexion, 10 supination
Closed = extension and supination
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7
Q

What type of joint is the humeroradial joint?

A

Uniaxial hinge joint (between capitullum and radial head)

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8
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the humeroradial joint?

A

Flexion, extension

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9
Q

What are the resting and closed packed positions of the humeroradial joint?

A 
Resting = full extension and full supination
Closed = elbow flexed to 90, forearm supinated to 5
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10
Q

What causes Nursemaid’s Elbow?

A

Caused by a sudden pull on extended, pronated arm causing a dislocation of the radial head

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11
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Uniaxial pivot joint (between radial head and radial notch of ulna)

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12
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Equal limitation of supination and pronation

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13
Q

What are the resting and closed packed positions of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A 
Resting = 35 supination, 70 elbow flexion
Closed = 5 supination
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14
Q

What are the 3 components of the medial collateral ligament?

A

1) anterior bundle
2) transverse bundle
3) posterior bundle

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15
Q

What shape is the MCL? With what other structure does it form a tunnel?

A
  • fan-shaped

- FCU, tunnel for ulnar nerve

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16
Q

What shape is LCL?

A

Cord-like structure

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17
Q

What is the function of the LCL?

A
  • to maintain the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints when the elbow is loaded in supination
  • stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint during full supination and pronation
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18
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament?

A

Checks displacement of the radial head

19
Q

List the elbow flexors

A 
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres
ECRL
FCR
FCU
20
Q

List the forearm pronators

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
FCR

21
Q

List the forearm supinators

A

Biceps Brachii

Supinator

22
Q

List the elbow extensors

A

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

23
Q

What passes through the cubital tunnel?

A

Ulnar nerve

24
Q

What forms the borders of the cubital tunnel?

A 
Floor = MCL
Roof = aponeurosis, arcuate ligament
Posterior = medial head triceps
Anterior = medial epicondyle
Lateral = olecranon
25
Q

When is the volume of the cubital tunnel greatest?

A

When the elbow is in extension

26
Q

Moving the elbow into full flexion ________ the size of the tunnel by _________.

A

Flexion, 55%

27
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis

28
Q

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Prontator Teres

29
Q

What is the proximal boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

Imaginary line that passes through the humeral condyles

30
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis

31
Q

What is contained in the cubital fossa?

A
  • tendon biceps brachii
  • median and radial nerve
  • brachial artery
  • median cubital vein
32
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

C8 - T1

33
Q

Median Nerve

A

C5 - T1

34
Q

Radial Nerve

A

C5 - T1

35
Q

Force Couples of the Elbow: flexion/extension

A

Triceps/Biceps

36
Q

Force Couples of the Elbow:

pronation/supination

A

Pronator Quadratus/Supinator

37
Q

Force Couples of the Elbow:

wrist flexion/extension

A

FCR, FCU, Flexor Digitorum Communis/ECRL, ECRB, Extensor Communis

38
Q

What is the carrying angle of the forearm for males and females?

A 
Males = 5-10
Females = 10-15
39
Q

What constitutes cubitis valgus and varus?

A 
Valgus = >15
Varus = < 5-10
40
Q

What constitutes gunstock deformity?

A

An increase in cubital varus

41
Q

A “Goose Egg” is caused by…

A

an olecranon bursitis over the olecranon process

42
Q

Goals of Acute Phase

A
  • protect injury site
  • pain free ROM
  • improve patient comfort by decreasing pain/inflammation
  • retarding muscle atrophy
  • minimize detrimental effects of immobilization
  • maintain general CV fitness
  • independence with HEP
43
Q

Goals of Functional Phase

A
  • restore normal joint kinematics
  • improve muscle strength
  • improve NM control
  • restore normal strength and relationship of force couples

Musculoskeletal (10 decks)

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