Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Chapter 16 - Shoulder > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary and secondary functions of the shoulder complex?

A
  • PRIMARY = position the hand in space and allowing interaction with the environment
  • SECONDARY = suspending the upper limb, providing fixation so motion of upper extremity/trunk can occur, serves as fulcrum for arm elevation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Degree of mobility is contingent upon…

A
  • healthy articular surface
  • intact muscle-tendon units
  • supple capsuloligamentous restraints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Degree of stability is dependent on…

A
  • intact capsuloligamentous structures
  • proper function of muscles
  • integrity of osseous articular strucutres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which way does the head of the humerus face?

A
  • medially
  • posteriorly
  • superiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which way does the glenoid fossa face?

A
  • laterally
  • superiorly
  • anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much deeper is the glenoid fossa made by the labrum?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the labrum attach?

A
  • glenoid cavity
  • joint capsule
  • lateral portion of biceps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percent of fibers of LH biceps originate from the superior labrum?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much (%) of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid during elevation?

A

25-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what positions is the glenohumeral joint most significantly reduced?

A

1) ADD, flex, IR
2) ABD, elevation
3) ADD at side with downwardly rotated scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the dynamic mechanisms of the GH joint?

A

Muscles of RTC

Other force couples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the static stabilizers of the GH joint?

A

Joint capsule
Joint cohesion
Ligamentous support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the location of scaption?

A

Arm elevation with arm held 30-45 anterior to frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many muscles attach to the scapula? What do they do?

A

16 (6 support and move the scapula, 10 concerned with GH motion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is the anterior GH ligament under tension?

A

When the shoulder is in EXT, ABD and/or ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the posterior GH ligament under tension?

A

When the shoulder is in FLEX and ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is the inferior GH ligament under tension?

A

When the shoulder is in ABD, EXT and/or ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is the middle GH ligament under tension?

A

When the shoulder is flexed and in ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which ligament is the primary restraint against anterior and posterior humeral head dislocation?

A

Inferior GH ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structures are in the coracoacromial arch?

A
  • head of humerus
  • LH biceps tendon
  • superior aspect joint capsule
  • supraspinatus, upper margins of subscap and infraspinatus
  • subdeltoid bursa
  • subacromial bursa
  • inferior surface of coracoacromial arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal size of the GH joint?

A

10-11 mm (height)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can cause narrowing of the subacromial space?

A

Muscle imbalances or capsular contractures (cause an superior translation of humeral head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What ares some strong predictors of RC impingement?

A

Acromial morphology and biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerves innervate the anterior shoulder joint?

A

Axillary, subscapular and lateral pectoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What nerves innervates the posterior should joint?

A

Suprascapular nerve, small branches of axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the arterial supply of the shoulder complex?

A

Axillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the arterial supply of the GH joint?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral, suprascapular and circumflex scapular vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the arterial supply of the biceps brachii?

A

Brachial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the arterial supply of the rotator cuff?

A

Thoracoacromial, suprahumeral, subscapular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the closed and open packed positions of the GH joint?

A 
closed = abduction and full ER
open = 55 ABD, 30 horizontal adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the GH joint?

A

ER > ABD > IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the closed and open packed positions of the AC joint?

A 
closed = 90 ABD
open = arm at side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the AC joint?

A

Pain at extremes of ROM, especially horizontal adduction and full arm elevation

34
Q

What does the AC joint do?

A

serves as main articulation that suspends the UE from the trunk

35
Q

What is the primary support for the AC joint?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

36
Q

What ligaments provide vertical stability?

A

Conoid and trapezoid ligaments (also control superior and anterior translation, anterior axial rotation)

37
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the SC joint?

A

Pain at extremes of ROM, especially horizontal adduction and full arm elevation

38
Q

What are the closed and open packed positions of the SC joint?

A 
closed = max arm elevation and protraction
open = arm at side
39
Q

If held vertically, the proximal end of the clavicle is _______.

A

convex

40
Q

If held in A/P, the proximal end of the clavicle is ________.

A

concave

41
Q

What is the available motion at the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Upward roation = 60
IR/ER = 40-60
A/P Tipping = 30-40

42
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

none

43
Q

What are the open and closed packed positions of the scapulothoracic joint?

A 
closed = none
open = 30-40 IR, slight upward rotation and 5-20 of anterior tipping
44
Q

What are the scapular pivoters?

A
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
  • levator scpaulae
  • rhomboids
45
Q

What is the main function of serratus anterior?

A

To protract and upwardly rotate the scapula

To provide strong, mobile, BOS to position the glenoid for maximum efficacy

46
Q

What muscle provides eccentric control of the scapula during flexion and abduction?

A

levator scapulae

47
Q

What muscles help control scapular position (esp horizontal flexion and extension)?

A

Rhomboids

48
Q

What are the humeral propellers?

A
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
  • pectoralis major and minor
49
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

extends, adducts and IR of the shoulder

assists in scapular depression, retraction, downward rotation

50
Q

What does the pectoralis major do?

A

IR, horizontal ADD, flexion, ABD (humerus 90+) and ADD (humerus below 90)

51
Q

What doest the pectoralis minor do?

A

draws the scapula inferiorly and medially towards the thorax

52
Q

What are the humeral postioners?

A

Deltoid

53
Q

What are the shoulder protectors?

A

Rotator cuff, LG biceps brachii

54
Q

What do the muscles of RTC do?

A
  • actively move the humerus and fine tune humeral head position
  • assist in rotation of shoulder and arm
  • reinforce GH capsule
  • control active arthokinematics of the GH joint
55
Q

What are the functions of the LH biceps brachii?

A
  • forearm supinator and secondary elbow flexor
  • humeral head depressor
  • ant/post stabilizer
  • limiter of ER
  • lifter of glenoid labrum
  • humeral head compressor
  • decelerates rapidly moving arm during OH activities
56
Q

What contributes to shoulder abduction up to 90 degrees?

A

60 GH abduction

30 ST upward rotation

57
Q

What contributes to first 30 degrees of ST upward rotation?

A

20-25 clavicular elevation

5-10 upward rotation of AC

58
Q

What contributes to shoulder abduction from 90 to 180 degrees?

A

60 GH abduction

30 ST upward rotation

59
Q

What contributes to final 30 degrees of ST upward rotation?

A

5 elevation of SC

20-25 AC scapula upwardly rotates

60
Q

What are the primary muscles that abduct the GH joint?

A

middle deltoid and supraspinatus

61
Q

What are the primary muscles that elevate the GH joint?

A

anterior deltoid, coracobrachials, LHB brachii

62
Q

What are the prime upward rotators of the scapula (in first 30)?

A

traps and SA

63
Q

Where should the medial scapula spine be equal to? Inferior angle? Medial border?

A

T3
T7
T2 - T7

64
Q

What does pain during 70-110 of abduction indicate?

A

may indicate RC impingement/tearing or subacromial bursitis

65
Q

What does pain during 120-180 of abduction indicate?

A

AC joint involvement

66
Q

What happens when there is a muscle imbalance and the deltoid is dominant?

A

the humeral head glides superiorly during elevation, called “humeral superior glide syndrome”

67
Q

Where should the thumb reach during Apley’s scratch test?

A

T5 - T10

68
Q

When does the scapula stop rotating during elevation?

A

140 degrees (at completion, inferior angle should be in close proximity to midline of thorax)

69
Q

Pain with isometric muscle testing is indicative of what?

A

Generally a sign of 1st or 2nd degree M/T lesion

70
Q

Pain that occurs during a muscle contraction is indicative of what?

A

Most likely a lesion within the muscle belly

71
Q

Pain that occurs on release of a contraction is indicative of what?

A

Most likely a lesion within the tendon

72
Q

ROM needed for eating

A

70-100 horizontal ADDuction

45-60 abduction

73
Q

ROM needed for combing hair

A

30-70 horizontal ADDuction
105-120 abduction
90 ER

74
Q

ROM needed for reaching perineum

A

75-90 horizontal ABDuction
30-45 abduction
90+ IR

75
Q

ROM needed for tucking in shirt

A

50-60 horizontal ABDuction
55-65 abduction
90 IR

76
Q

ROM needed for positioning hand behind head

A

10-15 horizontal ADDuction
110-125 flexion
90 ER

77
Q

ROM needed for putting an item on a shelf

A

70-80 horizontal ADDuction
70-80 flexion
45 ER

78
Q

ROM needed to wash opposite shoulder

A

60-120 horizontal ADDuction

60-90 flexion

79
Q

List the shoulder outcome scales

A
  • UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale
  • Simple Shoulder Test
  • Should Pain and Disability Index
  • Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)
  • Penn Shoulder Score
80
Q

Grade I and II oscillations are used for…

A

Pain, graded depending on the stage of healing

81
Q

Grade III - V techniques are used to…

A

Increased ROM

Musculoskeletal (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions