Chapter 6 - Foundations Flashcards
Surface materials:
The allowable foundation pressure for sandy clay is _______ pounds per square foot. For bedrock it is ________ pounds per square foot.
1500 / 12,000
p184
Surface materials:
Test pits are usually up to a depth of about ____ feet.
8
p 184
Surface materials:
The use of a test pit permits the ________ of the soil to be observed and measured.
strata
p 184
- Identifiable layers of different soils.
Strata
p 184
Surface materials:
Test boring are used at depths ________ than those of test pits.
greater
p 184
Surface material
A test boring can provide information on the bearing capacity of soil through the use of a __________ __________.
driving hammer
p 184
Types of foundations
The main factors that determine the type of foundation to be used for a building are the ______ ____________ and the ____________ ______________.
soil conditions / structural configurations
p 185
Foundations are divided into two types: __________ and _______.
shallow and deep
p 185
A shallow foundation transfers the weight of the building to the soil at the ?
base of the building
p 185
A shallow foundation can be used where the ______-_________ ability of the soil directly under the building is adequate to support the building.
load-bearing
p 185
Shallow foundations usually make use of __________ to transmit the load to the soil.
footings
p 185
- That part of the building that rests on the bearing soil and is wider than the foundation wall.
Footing
p 185
The increased area of the footing reduces the _____________ stress on the soil.
compressive
p 185
A _______ __________ is a continuous strip of concrete that supports a wall.
wall footing
p 185
- Square pad of concrete that supports a column.
Column Footing
p 186
- Footing consisting of layers of beams placed at right angles to each other and usually encased in concrete.
Grillage Footing
p 186
When the load bearing capacity of the soil beneath a building is low, the footing must be large in area and a ______ ____________ may be used.
mat foundation
p 186
- Thick slab beneath the entire area of building.
Mat Foundation
p 186
A mat foundation differs from a simple floor slab in its ___________ and amount of ______________.
thickness / reinforcement
p 186
A mat may be several ______ thick and heavily reinforced, whereas a slab may only be a ______ thick.
feet / foot
p 186
- Foundation for which the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weigh of the building supported. Thus, the total weight supported by the soil beneath the foundation remains about the same, and settlement is minimized because of the weight of the building.
Floating foundation
p 187
Deep foundations are more ________ than shallow foundations, so are used only where shallow foundations cannot be used.
costly
p 187
Deep foundations take the form of either _______ or ______.
piles or piers
p 187
_______ are driven into the ground and develop their load carrying ability either through friction with the surrounding soil or by being driven into contact with rock or a load bearing soil layer.
Piles
p 187
