Chapter 2 - Structural Fire Resistance and Building Classifications Flashcards
Fire resistance determines the likelihood of ?
structural collapse under fire conditions
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All building codes classify buildings by construction type. These classifications are based on two attributes of building construction: ____ ________ and __________.
fire resistance and combustibility
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The combustible nature of a buildings _________ _______ will impact the rate of fire growth.
structural system
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In addition to classifying buildings by construction type, building codes classify buildings by their ?
occupancy
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From a fire protection standpoint, one of the most basic properties of building materials is their degree of _____ _________.
fire resistance
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Fire resistance is a function of the properties of all materials used, including ?
combustibility, thermal conductivity, chemical composition, density and dimensions
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The ability of a structural assembly to maintain its load-bearing capacity and structural integrity under fire conditions is called ?
Fire-resistance
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True or False:
Fire-resistive construction is not prone to structural failure under fire conditions?
True - is not prone to structural failure under fire conditions
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In the case of walls, partitions, and ceilings, fire resistivity also means the ability to act as a ?
a barrier to fire
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Fire resistance ratings are expressed in ?
hours and fractions of hours
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Ratings assigned to a material or an assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization that identifies the amount of time a material or assembly of materials will resist a typical fire as measured on a standard time-temperature curve is called ?
Fire Resistance Rating
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For example, a building code will typically require that columns supporting the floors in a fire resistive building have a fire resistance rating of ?
3 hours
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The walls enclosing an exit stairwell, which may or may not be load bearing, typically must have a fire resistive rating of ?
1 or 2 hours to protect the stairwell
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Of the three means of fire resistance determination the most commonly used method is by ?
laboratory test
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Standard Method of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials is NFPA _____ ?
NFPA 251
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The primary means used to determine a fire resistance rating is to subject the component to be evaluated to the heat of a ?
standard fire in a test furnace
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Normally, assemblies are not tested beyond _____ hours because this is the maximum time required by the building codes.
four hours
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What test is the only method currently universally accepted by building codes ?
E-119
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When the continuity of an assembly is destroyed, it cannot function as a ?
fire barrier
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Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit vertical and horizontal spread of fire and products of combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations for plumbing or electrical installations, in penetrations of a fire-rated assembly, or in clock lofts and crawl spaces are called ?
Fire Stop
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Underwriters Laboratories annually publishes a _____ _________ _________, which lists assemblies that have been tested and their fire resistance ratings.
Fire Resistive Directory
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What standard provides the methods for calculating fire-resistance ratings that are equivalent to the results obtained from the standard fire test?
ASCE/SFPE 29, Standard Calculation Methods for Structural Fire Protection
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Which NFPA standard is the time-temperature test that is the most commonly used method of satisfying building code requirements for structural fire resistance?
NFPA 251
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Incapable of supporting combustion under normal circumstances is ?
Noncombustible
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What is the most commonly used test for determining combustibility ?
ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 degrees C
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Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced and reinforced concrete products are called ?
Masonry
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With the exception of _____ ___, ______ ______, the major building classifications are further divided into two or three sub classifications.
Type IV, Heavy Timber
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Which NFPA standard details the requirements for each of the classifications and sub classifications of building construction ?
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction
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In NFPA 220 each classification is designated by a ?
three-digit number code
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NFPA 220
- The first digit refers to the fire-resistance rating (in hours) of ?
of exterior bearing walls
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NFPA 220
- The second digit refers to the fire-resistance rating of ?
structural frames or columns and grinders that support loads of more than one floor
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NFPA 220
- The third digit indicates the fire-resistance rating of the ?
floor construction
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In Type IV construction the designation ______ is used.
2HH
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The highest requirements for fire resistance are for ____ ___ construction, with lesser requirements for other types of construction.
Type I
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In Type I or fire-resistive construction, the structural members are of ?
non-combustible construction that has a specified fire resistance
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An example of a noncombustible material that is not fire-resistive and must be protected to attain fire resistance is ?
steel
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Generally, bearing walls, columns, and beams are required to have a fire resistance of how many hours, depending on the code and the construction classification ?
two to four hours
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Floor construction is required to have a fire resistance of how many hours ?
Two or three hours
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The roof deck and construction supporting the roof must have a fire resistance of how many hours ?
One to two hours
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As a practical matter, building codes usually permit a limited use of what materials in Type I construction ?
combustible materials
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The two most common methods of constructing Type I buildings are by using ?
reinforced concrete or a protected steel frame
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In the case of a steel frame building, it must be remembered that unprotected steel has no ?
fire-resistance
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