Chapter 6 - Features of Fire Protection Flashcards
A quality ascribed to a wall, floor, or column assembly that has been tested in a standard manner to determine the length of time for which it remains structurally stable when attacked by a standard fire
Fire resistance rating
The resistance of a structural member to collapse by fire because of the nature of its material or assembly
Inherent fire resistance
These structures are protected with gypsum board and wood assemblies that have passed the standard fire resistance test
Combustible structures
What material is superior to unprotected steel
Cast iron
What test would be used to test the fire resistance of roofs, floors, walls, columns, and partitions?
The time temperature control curve
The temperatures and times for the standard time temperature curve
1000° F… 5 minutes
1300° F… 10 minutes
1550° F… 30 minutes
1700° F… 1 hour
1850° F… 2 hours
2000° F… 4 hours
2300° F… 8 hours
Fire resistance of columns is concerned with resisting
Collapse
Fire resistance of floors is concerned with
Resistance of passage of fire and collapse
Fire resistance of walls is concerned with
Passage of Fire and collapse
Fire resistance of fire doors is concerned with
Passage of Fire
Fire resistance is not supposed to provide (3)
Not specifically directed at ensuring life safety
Not specifically intended to provide smoke control
Not concerned with the dollar loss due to fire
Minimum size for column in fire resistance test
9 ft
Minimum size for beans and girders in fire resistance testing
12 ft
Minimum size for partitions in walls in fire resistance testing
100 ftsq
Minimum size for floors and roofs in fire resistance testing
180 ft squared
When the average temperature of columns exceeds ___ The test is ended and the specimen fails
1100° F average
1300° F any temperature
Temperature of floor structure that causes test to fail
250° F
The rate at which fire spreads over the surface of a material, the smoke it develops, and the fuel it contributes to a fire
Flame spread
One of the most important factors in fire spread within buildings is
Interior finishes on walls and ceilings
Steiner tunnel test is also known as NFPA
255
Test sample size of the Steiner tunnels test
25 ft long and 2 ft wide
Class A flame spread of surface materials range
0 to 25
Class B flame spread of surface materials range
26-75
Class C flame spread of surface materials range
76-200
What is the requirement flame spread rating for exit stairwells in hospitals
Class A
Materials with smoke develop ratings of ___ can be expected to generate substantial amounts of smoke
300 or more
Rating for severe fire exposures
Class A
Waiting for moderate fire exposures
Class B
Waiting for light fire exposures
Class C
Test that measures ignitability of carpeting from a small source such as a dropped mattress cigarette
Pill test
Test rating carpet for its ability to spread flame when attacked with a greater ignition source than a cigarette
NFPA 253
Test carpets for use as wall finish
NFPA 265
What is the NFPA of the critical radiant flux test
NFPA 253
Critical radiant Flux test class 1 ≥
0.45 watt per centimeter squared
Critical radiant Flux test class 2 ≥
0.22 watt/cm squared
What type of shingles was no observable changes on the TIC camera screen scene prior to collapse
Clay and asphalt
Typically two to four hour fire resistance rated and used to separate buildings
Firewalls
What fire resistance rating are fire partitions
1 hour
What fire resistance rating are fire barriers
1 to 2 hour
Extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall
Firewall
Fire door fire protection rating time
20 minutes to 3 hours
Most important aspect of a fire door
Ability to close and latch closed
NFPA that fire doors are tested under
NFPA 252
Most common type of door
Swinging used in corridors and stairwell openings
What are the two types of fire door closures
Self closing and automatic
Smoke barriers fire resistant rating time
1 hour
Horizontal exits fire resistant rating time
2 hour
A draft curtain is
Glass or gypsum board partition
NFPA for low-rise residential occupancies
NFPA 13R
How many stories are low rise considered
Four stories or fewer
Deluge systems are usually used for what
Flammable liquid operations
What is the key to sprinkler system effectiveness
The ability of the water to penetrate the material
What is the advantage of a pre-action system
Water typically will not flow if a sprinkler or pipe is broken
Sprinkler piping is hydrostatically tested for
2 hours at 200 lb per square inch
What is a multiple death fire
A fire that kills three or more people
Sprinklers should not be shut off as long as what
Hot water is falling down
Residential sprinkler systems are intended to
Limit flash over
Hold a contents fire until occupants can escape
Where are unsprinkled areas included in residential
Small closets and bathrooms as well as unused attics
When a sprinkler system is pronounced out of service the degree of impairment should be given 4)
The system can be supplied through FDC
Mechanics on scene can restore the system within 10 minutes
The system is completely unavailable
The second floor is out of service
Each two and a half inch outlet indicates what GPM of pump capacity
250 GPM
What type of caps should be used to protect today’s FDCs
Cast iron or plastic
What is indicated by a pend needle on the air pressure gauge on the dry pipe valve
Presence of high pressure
What is the best method for controlling flammable liquid fires
Keep the containers from overheating and control the flowing fire on the floor
Early suppression/fast response sprinklers discharge how much GPM per sprinkler
100 GPM
What size orifice do ES FR sprinklers have
3/4 “
What size area can a single riser typically cover
52,000 ft²
Class I and III provide how much GPM and PSI at each hose valve
250 GPM at 100 psi
What class standpipe system provides two and a half inch hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments
Class I
What class standpipe system provides 1 1/2 in hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the building occupants
Class II
What class stamp pipe system provides 1 and 1/2-in hose stations and 2 and 1/2-in hose connections
Class III
Class II standpipe supply how much GPM and PSI
100 GPM at 65 PSI
In the case of high rise buildings a realistic estimate of the time between alarm and the start of extinguishment is how many minutes
20 minutes
What is more reliable indicator of the actual location of a fire than smoke detectors
Water flow switches
What is the most difficult system to navigate
Smoke management system
What system protects hazards such as paint spray boost and gasoline station pump islands
Dry chemical stations
What systems are the primary protection used in cooking hoods in restaurants
Wet chemical systems
What system is used to protect flammable and combustible liquid facilities
Phone system
What type foam is recommended for extinguishing and insulation fire
Class A
What type of stream should a carpeting fire be fought with
Solid stream
What percentage of library fires are due to arson
85%
What standpipes are vertical hollow tubes
Class I
