Chapter 10 - Ordinary Construction Flashcards
Chief common characteristic of ordinary construction
Exterior walls made of masonry
What plastic structural members add another layer of fire safety problems
Open cell polystyrene panels
What are a hint that a cockloft exists
Ventilators
In a downtown business or commercial building what walls are the bearing walls
Side walls
Interior masonry walls or a column girder and beam system must be used for a four greater than what width
25 ft
Were these are visible they indicate where the wall is strongest and we’re not to attempt to breach the wall
Masonry column
Terracotta is used in what type of facings
Ornamental
Ordinary masonry walls have no resistance to what type of movement
Lateral
When is an example of a hazard of early fireproof buildings that can be found in ordinary construction
Unsupported marble stairs
What four areas are the problems presented to the fire department by ordinary construction
Masonry wall problems
Stability of the interior column, girder, and beam system
Void spaces
The masonry wall as a barrier to fire extension
If the source of smoke cannot be found where should you check
Check for plastic insulation in the walls
A beam that carries weight of the wall above an opening it’s called what
Lintel
What is often an indicator of poor brickwork
Parging
Parapit walls are particularly subject to what
Weather deterioration
A horizontal crack may indicate that the wall is being what
Pushed out by steel roof beams that are elongating in summer heat
If any arch unit is out the window or door frame then becomes what
Undesigned structural post and beam
All walls are inherently
Unstable
Three ways of stabilizing a wall
Buttresses or masses of masonry outside the wall
Pilasters or columns built inside the wall
Wall columns built within the wall
Concrete is inherently
Non-combustible
What is a basic sign that a wall is distressed
Braced
How can you identify a wall that was tied to the floor to make the structure more rigid
Spreaders in a regular pattern
How is an eccentric load counterbalanced
Tying the wall to the interior structure
Was suspended beams the key question is
What are the suspension rods tied to
Breaker masonry walls are often specially reinforced to resist lateral impact when
That separate one electrical transformer from another
The scoring to cut glass or gypsum board
Plain of weakness
Wooden floor beams fitted tightly into the wall may act as what
A series of levers on the wall
The interior structure consists of
Floors
Any necessary interior support for the floors
Any suspended loads
Roof
What is the only way to connect wood beams to wood girders and receive the full benefit of the time it takes the wood to burn through
Set the beams atop the girder
The effective strength of the wood under fire attack is determined by what
Size of the thinnest portion
What must be made whenever an opening is provided in a wooden floor
Beam to beam connections
What are used to connect wooden columns and to end
Pintels
What is the chief cause of failure in buildings with cast iron columns
Unsafe connections
What type of floors are much more quickly consumed by fire
Floors with single fitness of plywood and carpeting
The best roof is one on which
The roof beans rest on girders
A firefighter stepping onto a roof as lightly as possible still imposes a momentary load on the roof at what times his at rest weight
At least twice
What is a superior construction method
Equipment is erected on steel beams that are supported on exterior walls
The thrust of a truss is
Downward
The thrust of an arch is
Outward
What type of void is exemplified by wood stud construction with gypsum interior finish
Partially combustible
Which NFPA requires sprinklers in many types of combustible void spaces
NFPA 13
If circumstances are fair for a bull what may accomplish extinguishment in the void
Expansion of steam created by hose streams hitting burning material
Lowering the ceiling of old buildings is most easily accomplished how
Constructing a new ceiling
The generation of carbon monoxide and concealed spaces can be as much as how many times greater than it would be in the open
50 times
What is the flammable range of carbon monoxide
12.5 to 74%
What is carbon monoxide ignition temperature
1128° F
In ordinary construction rarely is any provision made to prevent the extension of fire where
Through stairways and hallways
When must masonry buildings have interior bearing walls
When they have spans greater than 25 ft
How are interior masonry walls distinguished from wooden interior walls
They have greater thickness
When might masonry walls provide interior load carrying capacity
In large buildings of ordinary construction
When should fire doors be provided
When openings have been made in walls to connect buildings
What is of limited value against radiant heat on a building
Wired glass
What is a structural wall that is common to two buildings
Party wall
A party wall is ___ then two separate walls
Center
Ordinary construction buildings are usually how many stories
3 to 4 stories
Ordinary construction buildings are as tall as how many stories
Seven stories
What size buildings are higher will typically have a Class I or class III standpipe system
Four-story buildings are higher
What is the largest and most serious concealed space
Cock loft
What is an effective tactic to stop the horizontal spread of fire in long buildings
Vertical ventilation, including the trench cut
What side of the building is the parapet wall usually located on
Front side
What is the worst or most dangerous wall collapse
When the wall breaks at ground level and falls straight out along its full height
If you find materials different from the rest of the wall you are probably into what
A wall column under a major load
When breaching a wall what type of cut do you make
Try triangular cut with the apex at the top
Material that absorbs water should be stored how many feet away from masonry walls to allow for expansion
At least one foot away
What should you watch for to indicate walls are in distress
Ornamental stars
Exposed 2x10 solid wood joists last how many minutes
18 minutes
The attachment of a half inch gypsum board ceiling raise the endurance to
44 minutes
Have you volumes of boiling smoke that persist even after the visible fire has been well controlled indicate
Fire and a void
Why is an alleyway dangerous to operate a hose line in
You cannot establish a collab zone in an alley
