Chapter 11 - Noncombustible Construction Flashcards
What is the main difference between non-combustible and fire resistive construction
The level of fire resistance to structural members.
Maximum height of non-combustible buildings
12 stories
The most prevalent material for non-combustible construction
Steel
Concrete in type II CONSTRUCTION IS LIMITED TO WHAT three AREAS
Exterior walls, shaft enclosures and fire rated floor assemblies
What is Steel’s modulus of elasticity
29 million psi
The compressive strength of steel is what to its tensile strength
Equal
It’s sheer strength is what to its tensile strength
3/4
Fire resistance is a function of what
Mass
Elongation of steel can take place at what temperature
1000° F
What temperature do steel members completely fail at
1300° F
Cold drawn steel will fail at about what temperature
800 degrees Fahrenheit
What is the most important way for heat to be removed
Keep being absorbed by contents or structural elements that will be ignited or cause to fail
What does water do if steel is failing
Freezes it in whatever shape it is currently in
What does the cooling effect of water do if steel is elongating
Draws it back to its original dimensions
A plate that is fewer than 6 in in width
Bar
What are used to construct bridges
Large box girders
What members are one solid piece of metal
Rolled.
Members made of different sections riveted bolted or welded together
Built up
What helps resist wind shear
Spandrel girder
A tube is most often used as what
Column
C-shaped steel member
Channels
CB shaped steel member
Castellated beans
L-shaped steel member
Angles
S-shaped steel member
America standard I-beam
WF shaped steel members
Wide flange beams and columns
WT shaped steel members
Structural tees
Which number refers to the depth of the member
First number
Which number refers to the weight of the member
Second number
In angles the first two numbers refer to what
The nominal depths of the two legs
In angle members the third number refers to what
Thickness of the legs
What type of building is built without steel
Fiberglass buildings that are invisible to electromagnetic radiation
Three important uses of steel as a building material
The strength of steel
The consistency of its structural characteristics
It’s ability to be connected to other structural elements
The steel and type II buildings is almost universally
Unprotected
In a rigid frame the column tapers how
Narrow at the base tapers to the widest point at the top
Rigid frames can provide clear spans of about how many feet
100 ft
If a y-shaped column is distorted by fire the area of the damage may be what
Doubled
The better the building is tied together to resist wind load the more likely it is to what
Suffer progressive collapse due to fire distortion
What type of structure is an arch
Compressive structure
In a true trust arch the top and bottom chords are what
Both under compression
Friable construction is used where what is a possibility
Explosion
What material disintegrates rapidly in fire
Aluminum
The most common walls for unprotected steel frame buildings are made of what
Concrete block or composite of concrete block and brick
Usually masonry walls are what type of wall
Curtain
What type of saw should you cut a metal panel wall with
Circular saw
What is the distance between the top of one window and the bottom of the one above
Spandrel space
In tilt up Construction a roof of what is most common
Steel joists
Adequate fireproofing for steel is more important in what type of building then conventional
Plastic designed building
Still will expand what percent in length for each 100° F rise in temperature
0.06 to 0.07 percent
What type of force does steel exert against a structure that restrains it
Lateral
The lateral thrust against the wall is minimized how
In hot fast fires failure temperatures are reached rapidly
ASTM e-119 reaches 1000° and how many minutes
5 minutes
NIST basement room fire reached what temperature in 5 minutes
1500° F
What temperature does the column fail at in standard fire test of fireproofing steel
1200° F at one point or 1000° F average
What is the principal variable of the steel unit
Weight or mass of the steel unit
How quickly do bar joists generally fail in standard fire test
7 minutes
What are the two type of dynamic fire protection
Protect the steel with sprinklers
Protect the steel with an internal water cooling system
What is the term used to designate buildings of greater than usual height from floor to ceiling
One high story
Rakers are loaded how making them subject early to failure
Twice the load permitted
What if what type of wall is substituted for exterior columns the building is wall bearing
Masonry bearing
What are the three classes of calculated risks
Financial or economic
Engineering
Forget it
What distance above the floor do roofs in steel buildings not require protection
Usually about 20 to 30 ft
What roofs consist of metal sheets laid over steel bar joists
Metal deck roofs
What is the adhesive and moisture stopping barrier in metal deck roots
Bituminous (asphalt) coding
What temperature that occurs below a combustible metal deck causes the deck to heat up
800° F for 5 minutes
What type of roof should be installed over a high value installation
Non-combustible
What is the only way a fire involving a metal deck roof can be controlled
Continuous application of water to the underside of the roof
Unprotected steel structures can be extremely hazardous because of the potential for what
Early collapse
What structural member should be given special attention when cooling steel
Columns
Dynamic protection is accomplished with what
Automatic sprinkler systems
What has been the fuel for a number of fires that destroyed sprinklered steel buildings
Rolled paper
What are two types of passive fire protection
Spray it on fireproofing
Membrane protection
What are two types of ways sprayed on protection can be removed
Mechanics accomplishing other work
Washed away by hose streams
The radiant energy of a fire is proportional to what power of the absolute temperature
4th power
Absolute temperature
Thermometer reading in degrees Kelvin + 459
What is used to contain a flammable liquid spill
Foam
What type of stress may be created by the distortion of steel due to fire
Torsional
A two and a half inch hose line can easily throw a horizontal stream for more than how many feet
80 ft
You cannot cut off a metal deck roof fire by implementing what
Vertical ventilation
What is the only way of stopping a rubber roof fire
Aerial master stream
