Chapter 6-Equillibrium

Question 1

Concentration of reactants and products

Answer 1

Remain constant

Rate of forward ran equals rate of reverse reaction

Question 2

Dynamic chemical equilibria

Answer 2

When a reaction occurs at a constant rate

Question 3

Reversible reactions reach a state where

Answer 3

Energy minimized (low) 
Entropy maximized (high disorder)

When the system is closed and no reactants or products are added or removed eventually settles

Question 4

Q vs Keq

Answer 4

Q: calculated value that relates the reactant and product concentrations at any time during a reaction

Keq: ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium

Question 5

What states do not appear in the law of mass action?

Answer 5

Pure solids and liquids.

Only gases and aqueous species

Question 6

Q < Keq, Delta G < 0

Q =Keq, Delta G = 0

Q > Keq, Delta G > 0

Answer 6

Delta G < 0 forward reaction (not yet at equilibrium)

Delta G = 0 dynamic equilibrium

Delta G > 0 reverse reaction (passed equilibrium)

Question 7

Keq temperature dependent or independent

Answer 7

Temperature dependent

Question 8

Larger Keq signifies

Answer 8

The father to the right the equilibrium position

Question 9

Keq > 1

Keq = 1

Keq < 1

Keq «&laquo_space;1

Answer 9

Keq > 1 products > reactants at eq

Keq = 1 products = reactants

Keq < 1 reactants > products at eq

Keq «&laquo_space;1 concentration of reactions converted to products negligible compared to initial reaction concentration

Question 10

I have a three main types of stressors applied to a system (Le Chatelier’s principle)

Answer 10

Change in concentration, pressure and volume, temperature.

Question 11

Increasing pressure (decreasing volume) on gaseous systems results in what type of shift?

Answer 11

Shifts to side with fewer moles of gas

Question 12

Decreasing pressure (increasing volume) shifts the reaction in what direction?

Answer 12

Shifts to the side with more moles of gas

Question 13

Increasing temperature (endothermic reaction)

Decreasing temperature of an (exothermic reaction)

Results in what type of shift

Answer 13

Shift to the right (products)

Question 14

Decreasing temperature (endothermic reaction)

Increasing temperature of an (exothermic reaction)

Results in what type of shift

Answer 14

Shift to the left (reactants)

Question 15

Heat functions as a product or reaction in Endo versus Exo thermic reactions?

Answer 15

In endothermic reactions hear functions as a reactant. In exothermic reactions heat functions as a product.

Question 16

Kinetic vs thermodynamic products

Answer 16

Kinetic products are higher in free energy than thermodynamic products and form at lower temperatures.

Thermodynamic products Are lower in free energy than kinetic products therefore more stable. More spontaneous.