Chapter 2 Periodic Table

Question 1

Periods of the Periodic table are based on what principal?

Answer 1

Horizontal. Group together based on principal energy level (n)

Question 2

Groups of the periodic table are based on what principle?

Answer 2

Vertical. Group together based on valence shell electron configuration.

Question 3

What are the three types of elements found on the periodic table?

Answer 3

Metals, nonmetals, metalloids or transition metals.

Question 4

Characteristics of metals

Answer 4

Shiny, conduct electricity well, malleable.

Found on the left side and middle of the periodic table

Question 5

Characteristics of nonmetals

Answer 5

Doll, poor conductors of electricity, brittle, on the right side of the periodic table

Question 6

Characteristics of metalloids

Answer 6

Possessed characteristics of both metals and nonmetals found in a stair stepping pattern starting with boron (B)

Question 7

Zeff

Answer 7

Effective nuclear charge.

The electrostatic attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus.

Increases from left to right.

Question 8

As the principal energy level (n) increases what effect does that have on spacing of valence electrons 

Answer 8

Valence electrons are increasingly separated

And increases from top to bottom

Related to Zeff

Question 9

Trend of atomic radius in the periodic table

Answer 9

Increases top right to bottom left

Question 10

Electron affinity

Answer 10

Amount of energy released when I gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell

Question 11

Ionic radius

Answer 11

Size of a charged species.

Question 12

Cations are larger or smaller than a neutral atom?

Answer 12

Smaller

Question 13

Are ions are larger or smaller than their neutral atom?

Answer 13

Larger

Question 14

Ionization energy

Answer 14

The amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from the valance shell of a gaseous easy

Question 15

Trend of ionization energy on the periodic table

Answer 15

Increases bottom left and top right

Question 16

Trend of electron affinity on the periodic

Answer 16

Increases bottom left top right

Question 17

Electronegativity

Answer 17

Measure of attractive force set an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond

Question 18

Trend for electronegativity in the periodic table

Answer 18

Increases bottom left and top right

Question 19

Alkali earth metals have an oxidation state of what?

Answer 19

+1

Would like to lose an electron in order to achieve a noble gas like configurations

Question 20

Oxidation state of alkaline earth metals

Answer 20

+2

Would like to lose two electrons said she’d noble gas light configuration

Question 21

Oxidation state of Chalcogen’s

Answer 21

-2 nonmetals

+6 metals

Question 22

Oxidation states of transition metals

Answer 22

Transition metals have multiple oxidation states

Question 23

Oxidation state of noble gases

Answer 23

Fully filled valence shell and their standard state prefer not to give up or take on additional electrons.

Question 24

Noble gases have a very high or very low ionization energies? 

Answer 24

Very high ionization energies. Require a TOOOON of energy to remove an electron from the valance shell because they are so happy with their octet.

Question 25

Alkali earth metals

Answer 25

Group one of the periodic table starting with hydrogen. Most reactive of all metals. 

Question 26

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 26

Group 2 of the periodic table. Starting with beryllium

Question 27

Chalcogens 

Answer 27

Group 8 of the periodic table starting with oxygen.

Question 28

Halogens

Answer 28

Group nine of the periodic table. Starting with Flourine 

Question 29

Noble gases

Answer 29

Group 8 of the periodic table. Have full octet. Very stable. Very high ionnization energy.

Question 30

Transition metals

Answer 30

Seven elements of the periodic table that separate metals and nonmetals. Go diagonally starting from boron (B) and geranium (Ge).  B,Si,As,Te,Ge,Sb,Po

Question 31