Chapter 2 Periodic Table Flashcards
Periods of the Periodic table are based on what principal?
Horizontal. Group together based on principal energy level (n)
Groups of the periodic table are based on what principle?
Vertical. Group together based on valence shell electron configuration.
What are the three types of elements found on the periodic table?
Metals, nonmetals, metalloids or transition metals.
Characteristics of metals
Shiny, conduct electricity well, malleable.
Found on the left side and middle of the periodic table
Characteristics of nonmetals
Doll, poor conductors of electricity, brittle, on the right side of the periodic table
Characteristics of metalloids
Possessed characteristics of both metals and nonmetals found in a stair stepping pattern starting with boron (B)
Zeff
Effective nuclear charge.
The electrostatic attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus.
Increases from left to right.
As the principal energy level (n) increases what effect does that have on spacing of valence electrons 
Valence electrons are increasingly separated
And increases from top to bottom
Related to Zeff
Trend of atomic radius in the periodic table
Increases top right to bottom left
Electron affinity
Amount of energy released when I gaseous species gains an electron in its valence shell
Ionic radius
Size of a charged species.
Cations are larger or smaller than a neutral atom?
Smaller
Are ions are larger or smaller than their neutral atom?
Larger
Ionization energy
The amount of energy necessary to remove an electron from the valance shell of a gaseous easy
Trend of ionization energy on the periodic table
Increases bottom left and top right
Trend of electron affinity on the periodic
Increases bottom left top right
Electronegativity
Measure of attractive force set an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond
Trend for electronegativity in the periodic table
Increases bottom left and top right
Alkali earth metals have an oxidation state of what?
+1
Would like to lose an electron in order to achieve a noble gas like configurations
Oxidation state of alkaline earth metals
+2
Would like to lose two electrons said she’d noble gas light configuration
Oxidation state of Chalcogen’s
-2 nonmetals
+6 metals
Oxidation states of transition metals
Transition metals have multiple oxidation states
Oxidation state of noble gases
Fully filled valence shell and their standard state prefer not to give up or take on additional electrons.
Noble gases have a very high or very low ionization energies? 
Very high ionization energies. Require a TOOOON of energy to remove an electron from the valance shell because they are so happy with their octet.
Alkali earth metals
Group one of the periodic table starting with hydrogen.
Most reactive of all metals. 
Alkaline earth metals
Group 2 of the periodic table. Starting with beryllium
Chalcogens 
Group 8 of the periodic table starting with oxygen.
Halogens
Group nine of the periodic table. Starting with Flourine 
Noble gases
Group 8 of the periodic table. Have full octet. Very stable. Very high ionnization energy.
Transition metals
Seven elements of the periodic table that separate metals and nonmetals. Go diagonally starting from boron (B) and geranium (Ge). 
B,Si,As,Te,Ge,Sb,Po

