Chapter 6 Energy Balance Flashcards
calorie
measurement of energy
involuntary process
unconscious activity like circulation or respiration, nervous function etc
voluntary process
moving intentionally. walking, picking something up
basal energy expenditure
The amount of energy needed in the body for the maintenance of life when a person is at complete digestive, physical, mental, thermal and emotional rest. Also known as Basal Metabolic Rate.
Resting Energy Expenditure
The amount of energy needed by the body for the maintenance of life at rest over a 24 hour period; Basal Metabolic Rate
Thermic effect of food
An increase of energy expenditure caused by the activities of digestion, absorption, transport, and metabolism of ingested food. Approx 10% of the foods energy content (300 calories) requires 30 calories of work to digest it.
Total energy requirement
A person’s total energy expenditure includes the energy needs for BEE, physical activities, and thermic effects of food. TEE varies considerably between individuals.
internal energy and external energy balance
When people eat plants and animals the body breaks those substances down into basic nutrients and the body’s systems return the end products (co2, waste etc) back out into the environment. The external energy balance begins with plants absorbing sunlight and using the raw materials water and co2 to store energy that is then eaten by animals.
3 sources of stored food energy
Glycogen, adipose tissue, muscle mass
energy dense, nutrient dense, and nutrient and energy dense foods
Energy dense foods: butter, oil, fried foods (foods high in fat)
Nutrient Dense food: veggies, fruits, whole grains, lean meat, dairy
Nutrient and Energy dense food: avocados, nuts, seeds, cheese, nut butters
formula for determing basal energy expenditure
Women: use 0.9 for Men use 1
It is a basic formula that does not take into account individual factors like height and, activity level. But it is a good starting point to begin to get an estimate. Multiply (either 0.9 or 1) times the kg of body weight times 24 hours to get a rudimentary basal energy expenditure.
