Chapter 6: Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Flashcards
Define an element as a substance made of only one type of atom
Elements are substances that are made up of just one type of atom
Give an example of the uses of common elements
the air is made of up of mainly two elements, the gases nitrogen and oxygen
Describe some physical and chemical properties of metals
- are shiny or lustrous
- are solids at room temperature, except for mercury which is a liquid
- are good conductors of heat and electricity
- are malleable or can be bent or hammered into shape
- are ductile or can be stretched into wires
Describe some physical and chemical general properties of nonmetals
- tend to be dull
- do not conduct heat or electricity (they are insulators)
- are brittle as they break or crumble when bent
State that there are three ways that atoms can be arranged in
- as single atoms (monatomic)
- in clusters of atoms called molecules
- in large grid-like structures called lattices
State that all metals exist as crystal lattices.
All metallic elements form crystal lattices but only a few non-metals do.
Define a molecule as a cluster of two or more atoms bonded together. In molecular elements, molecules are composed of all the same type ofatom.
Most non-metallic elements tend to form molecules - clusters of two or more atoms bonded together
Define compounds as substances made up of more than one type of atom
Compounds are substances with more than one type of atom
Describe the difference between molecular compounds and compound lattices
- Molecular Compounds
Some substances are made of molecules which contain two or more types of atoms. - Compound lattices
The atoms in lattices are bonded very strongly to each other, so they tend to be very hard solids at roo temperature.
Define molecular formula
A molecular formula is a chemical expression that indicates the number and types of atoms in a molecule. It shows how many atoms of each element are present but does not detail their arrangement.
Define an molecular formula example
- Water (H₂O): 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms.
What is a aqueous?
Aqueous solutions have water as their solvent.
E.g. sugar dissolves in water to
form a sugar solution. Sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.
What is a mixture?
Mixture a substance made by mixing other substances together
What is a Solute?
The dissolving solid is known as the solute
What is a Solution?
A solution is a mixture that is formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
What is a solvent?
A solution is a mixture that is formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid.
