Chapter 3: Body system

Question 1

Define digestion

Answer 1

“Digestion” is the process of breaking down food into smaller components, allowing the body to absorb nutrients for energy, growth, and overall health.

Question 2

What is the saliva function?

Answer 2

Saliva also moistens the food to make it easy to swallow

Question 3

What is the Oesophagus function?

Answer 3

The oesophagus is a long muscular tube that joins the mouth and the stomach

Question 4

What is the Epiglottis function?

Answer 4

The epiglottis is a flap of skin that stops food entering your windpipe – otherwise you would choke or food could get into your lungs.

Question 5

What is the Stomach - sphincters function?

Answer 5

It opens to let the food in, but closes to stop food or stomach juices from splashing back up

Question 6

What is the Stomach function?

Answer 6

Food is stored in the stomach for 1 to 6 hours where the food is turned into a thick, acidic soup

Question 7

What is the Gastric juices function?

Answer 7

Digestive juices that contain chemicals that start to break down protein – the main nutrient found in meat

Question 8

What is the Small intestine function?

Answer 8

Breaks down food, absorb nutrients the body needs, and excrete unnecessary components

Question 9

What is the the pancreas function?

Answer 9

It produces pancreatic juice that contains chemicals that help break down carbohydrates, protein and fats

Question 10

What is the the liver function?

Answer 10

The liver is the largest internal organ in our bodies and is a vital organ – this means we
cannot live without it.

Question 11

What is the the large intestine function?

Answer 11

water is reabsorbed into the body from what is left of our food along with any nutrients that remain

Question 12

What is physical digestion?

Answer 12

Breaking down food into smaller pieces (e.g., chewing).

Question 13

What function dose the phisical change have?

Answer 13

Increases surface area for easier enzyme action

Question 14

What is chemical change?

Answer 14

Breaking food into simpler chemicals by saliva and gastric juices

Question 15

What function dose the chemical change have?

Answer 15

Converts food into absorbable nutrients for energy

Question 16

Define respiration as a series of chemical reactions occurring inside cells.

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide and water are produced in the reaction and energy is released.

Question 17

Compare respiration and breathing, the process by which air (containing oxygen) enters and leaves the body.

Answer 17

Respiration is a series of chemical changes that take place in cells to release energy
Breathing is the process by which the body takes in and lets out air

Question 18

Who dose the Nasal cavity work?

Answer 18

Filter and warm the air, and make it moist before it goes into the lungs.

Question 19

Who dose the Pharynx work?

Answer 19

Receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.

Question 20

Who dose the Larynx work?

Answer 20

Protects the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing.

Question 21

Who dose the Trachea work?

Answer 21

Allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung

Question 22

Who dose the Lungs work?

Answer 22

When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out).

Question 23

Who dose the Bronchitis work?

Answer 23

Develops when the airways in the lungs, called bronchial tubes, become inflamed and cause coughing, often with mucus production

Question 24

Who dose the Bronchi work?

Answer 24

Carry air to and from your lungs

Question 25

Who dose the Alveoli work?

Answer 25

That provide a huge surface area for gas to be exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.

Question 26

Who dose the Diaphragm work?

Answer 26

Keeps sperm from entering the uterus by covering the cervix.

Question 27

Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the alveoli and the exchange of these gases in the bloodstream.

Answer 27

The walls of the alveoli are just one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen dissolves in the moist alveolar surface and diffuses a short distance into the blood."

Question 28

Explain how breathing rate is linked to respiration rate.

Answer 28

Breathing rate and respiration are connected because breathing regulates oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal, which are essential for cellular respiration

Question 29

List the components of the circulatory system.

Answer 29

Heart - Blood Vessels, Arteries Veins Capillaries - Blood Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Plasma

Question 30

What is the structure of the heart?

Answer 30

A muscular organ with four chambers and valves that prevent backflow of blood.

Question 31

What is the function of your heart?

Answer 31

Pumps blood throughout the body, ensuring that oxygen-rich blood reaches tissues and organs while returning oxygen-poor blood

Question 32

What is the structure of your arteries?

Answer 32

Thick, elastic walls to withstand high pressure.

Question 33

What is the function of your arteries?

Answer 33

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.

Question 33

What is the structure of your veins?

Answer 33

Thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow.

Question 33

What is the function of your veins?

Answer 33

Return oxygen-poor blood to the heart.

Question 34

What is the structure of your capillaries?

Answer 34

Very tiny blood vessels that are only one cell thick.

Question 35

What is the function of your capillaries?

Answer 35

Allow oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products to move between the blood and surrounding tissues.

Question 36

Define excretion as the way the body gets rid of wastes it has produced.

Answer 36

Excretion is the process by which the body removes waste products from metabolic activities, including carbon dioxide, urea, and excess salts. This occurs through organs like the lungs, kidneys, and skin, helping maintain homeostasis.

Question 37

What is the excretory role of the lungs? (removal of carbon dioxide and some water)

Answer 37

Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products. These are carried back to the lungs and breathed out.

Question 38

What is the excretory role of the kidneys? (removal of urea, salt and water)

Answer 38

The kidneys excrete urea and also control the amount of water in our bodies.

Question 39

Describe the support of the skeleton

Answer 39

Keeps the body upright and gives it shape.

Question 40

Describe the movement of the skeleton

Answer 40

Helps muscles move the body by acting as levers at joints.

Question 41

Describe the protection of the skeleton

Answer 41

Shields important organs, like the brain and heart.

Question 42

Describe is the ligaments in a body?

Answer 42

Bands of dense connective tissue that connect bones to other bones at joints.

Question 43

What is the function of the ligaments in a body?

Answer 43

Provide stability and support to joints, helping to prevent excessive movement that could lead to injury.

Question 44

What is the function of the tendons in a body?

Answer 44

Transmit the force generated by muscles to bones, facilitating movement.

Question 45

Describe is the tendons in a body?

Answer 45

Strong, fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.

Question 46

Describe is the muscles in a body?

Answer 46

Soft tissues composed of fibres that contract to produce movement.

Question 47

What is the function of the muscles in a body?

Answer 47

Generate force and enable movement of the body, as well as maintain posture and produce heat.