Chaper 5: Reproductive system Flashcards
Define cell division and mitosis
Cell Division: Cell division is when a parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells. It helps with growth and repair. (The parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.)
Mitosis: Mitosis is a type of cell division in eukaryotic cells where the nucleus divides, creating two identical nuclei. Each daughter cell gets a complete set of genetic material. (cell division focused on the division of the nucleus)
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual: Asexual reproduction is a process where a single organism produces offspring without the involvement of gametes (sex cells).
What is an example of asexual reproduction?
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes from two parents, leading to genetically diverse offspring.
What is an example of a sexual reproduction?
Humans and most animals reproduce through the union of sperm and egg.
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a reproductive cell that carries half the genetic information (haploid).
Where are gametes found?
Animals:
Testis - Sperm
Ovary - Egg
Plants:
Flower - Pollen and Ovule
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the fertilised egg formed when a sperm cell meets an egg cell. It has a full set of genetic material, half from each parent, and develops into an embryo.
What is a internal fertilisation example?
Common in mammals, reptiles, and some fish (like sharks).
What is a internal fertilisation?
Internal fertilisation occurs inside the female’s body.
What is a internal fertilisation advantage?
Offers greater protection to the developing embryo.
What is a external fertilisation example?
Common in amphibians and many fish (like salmon).
What is a external fertilisation?
Fertilisation occurs outside the female’s body, usually in water.
What is a external fertilisation advantage?
Produces many eggs, increasing chances of offspring survival despite higher risk from predators.
What is the main role of the flower?
Main function is reproduction; facilitates pollination and fertilisation.
What is the role of the root in a flower?
Anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.
What is the role of the stem in a flower?
Supports the plant, transports nutrients and water between roots and leaves, and can store food.
Identify the site and process of fertilisation (in plants)
Pollen lands on the flower’s stigma. A pollen tube grows to the ovule, allowing sperm to fertilise the egg and form a zygote.
What is the role of the leaf in flowering plant in a flower?
Main site for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy, and facilitates gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
