Chapter 6 Electronic Structure Of Atoms Flashcards
Wavelength
Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Number of waves passing a given point per unit of time is
Frequency
All electromagnetic radiation travels
At the speed of light
3 x 10^8 m/s
C=
Wavelength x frequency
Energy comes in packets called
Quanta
Einstein concludes that energy is proportional to
Frequency
E=hv
Where H is planks constant. 6.626 E-34 J-s
Visible region on spectrum
400nm-750nm
Energy absorbed or emitted from electron promotion or demotion
E= -hcRh (1/n2 - 1/n1)
Rh is the Rydberg constant 1.097 E7
Equation for wavelength, h, m, v
Wavelength=h/mv
Quantum mechanics
Mathematical relationship between wave and particle nature of matter
An orbital describes
A spatial distribution of electron density
An orbital is described by a set of three
Quantum numbers
Principal quantum number
n
Value of n is integers greater than or equal to 1
Angular momentum Quantum Number
l
Defines the shape of the orbital
Values ranging from 0 to n-1
l orbital number types
0-s
1-p
2-d
3-f
Magnetic quantum number
m
-l to l
Orbitals with the same value of n form a
She’ll
Different orbital types within a shell
Sub shells
Shape of s orbitals
Spherical
Shape of p orbitals
Two lobes on x,y,and z axis
6
D orbital shape
Four lobes on each axis with a ring
Spin Quantum Number
Spin describes its magnetic field which affects its energy
Ms values are +1/2 or -1/2
No two electrons can have the same
Set of Quantum numbers because no two electrons can have the same exact energy
Hunds Rule
For degenerate orbitals, the lowest energy is attained when the number of electrons with the same spin is maximized
Orbital filling exception
4s1 3d5 rather than 4s2 3d4
