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HSCI 131 > Chapter 6-Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 6-Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

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1
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment formed during desruction of erythrocyes that is taken up by liver cells to form bilirubi and eventuallyexretd in the feces

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2
Q

exocrine

A

gland that secretes it s products through exretory ducts to the surace of an organ or tissue into a vessel

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3
Q

sphincter

A

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

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4
Q

triglycerides

A

organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

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5
Q

or/o

A

mouth

oral-pertaining to the mouth

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6
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

stomatitis-inflammation of the mouth

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7
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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8
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

linqual-pertaining to the tongue

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9
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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10
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

cheiloplasty-surgical repair of a defective lip

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11
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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12
Q

dent/o

A

Teeth

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13
Q

odon/o

A

Teeth

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14
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

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15
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

sialolith-calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct

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16
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

esophagoscope-instrument for examining the esophagus

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17
Q

pharying/o

A

pharynx (throat)

pharyngotonsilitis-inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

gastralgia-pain in the stomach; also called stomachache

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19
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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20
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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21
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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22
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

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23
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine)

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24
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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25
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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26
Q

col/o

A

colon

colostomy-creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

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27
Q

colon/o

A

colon

colonoscopy-visual examination of the colon

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28
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

sigmoidotomy-incision of the sigmoid colon

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29
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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30
Q

an/o

A

anus

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31
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

proctologist-physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

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32
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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33
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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34
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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35
Q

chol/e**

A

bile, gall

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36
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

37
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

38
Q

-emisis

A

vomit

39
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

40
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

41
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

42
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

dyspepsia-difficult or painful digestion; also called indigestion

43
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

aerophagia-swallowing air

44
Q

-prandial

A

meal

postprandial-after a meal

45
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

steatorrhea-discharge of fat in fecal matter

46
Q

dia-

A

through, across

47
Q

peri-

A

around

periodentitis-inflammation (of tissue) around a tooth

48
Q

sub-

A

under, below

sublingual-pertaining to the area under the tongue

49
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

50
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, suually due to obstruction or infection

51
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease

52
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

53
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated witha acquired immune dificiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer

54
Q

cholelithiasis

A

prescence or formaion of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

55
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease

56
Q

colic

A

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain

57
Q

Chrohn disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

58
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting wateer or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protazoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

59
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

60
Q

eructation

A

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a chaacteristic sound; also called beltching

61
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

62
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

63
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the sophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior porton of the esophagus

64
Q

halitosis

A

foul-smelling breath

65
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

66
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked y abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

67
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minaerals, or fluids throgh intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

68
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the prescence of blood altered by intestinal juices

69
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

70
Q

morbid obesity

A

body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generall 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight

71
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

72
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irrtation

73
Q

peristalsis

A

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntariyy in hollow rubes of the body, especially in the GI tract

74
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stircture or narrowing of the pyloic sphinter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

75
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

76
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

77
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention of by removing gas, food, or gastic secretions; instill medication, food, or flids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

78
Q

anastomosis
ileorectal
intestinal

A
  • surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
  • surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
  • surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy
79
Q

bariatric surgery
vertical banded gastroplasty
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

A
  • group of procedures that treat morobid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulaton of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
  • bariatric surgery that involves vertical stabling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce i t to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
  • bariatric surgery that involves stabling the stomach to decrease its sized and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenumm eading fro the nonfuncioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuraion which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats
80
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

81
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

82
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasisve method to break up sones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

83
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

84
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of he pylorus, which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

85
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a fleible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifyng lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors

86
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus–hepatitis A (HAV), hapatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV)–that is causing hapatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of the antigens

87
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

group of blood tests that evalulate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract

88
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

89
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection

90
Q

stool guaiac

A

test that applies a substance called guaiac to stool sample to detect the prescence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test)

91
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

inamgin technique achieved by rotation an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intenstityof transmitted rays form different angles

HSCI 131 (4 decks)

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