Chapter 6-Digestive System Flashcards
0
Q
bolus
A
mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed
1
Q
bilirubin
A
orange-yellow pigment formed during desruction of erythrocyes that is taken up by liver cells to form bilirubi and eventuallyexretd in the feces
2
Q
exocrine
A
gland that secretes it s products through exretory ducts to the surace of an organ or tissue into a vessel
3
Q
sphincter
A
circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
4
Q
triglycerides
A
organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
5
Q
or/o
A
mouth
oral-pertaining to the mouth
6
Q
stomat/o
A
mouth
stomatitis-inflammation of the mouth
7
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
8
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
linqual-pertaining to the tongue
9
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
10
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
cheiloplasty-surgical repair of a defective lip
11
Q
labi/o
A
lip
12
Q
dent/o
A
Teeth
13
Q
odon/o
A
Teeth
14
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum(s)
15
Q
sial/o
A
saliva, salivary gland
sialolith-calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct
16
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
esophagoscope-instrument for examining the esophagus
17
Q
pharying/o
A
pharynx (throat)
pharyngotonsilitis-inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils
18
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
gastralgia-pain in the stomach; also called stomachache
19
Q
pylor/o
A
pylorus
20
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
21
Q
enter/o
A
intestine (usually small intestine)
22
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum (second part of small intestine)
23
Q
ile/o
A
ileum (third part of small intestine)
24
append/o
appendix
25
appendic/o
appendix
26
col/o
colon
colostomy-creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall
27
colon/o
colon
colonoscopy-visual examination of the colon
28
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
sigmoidotomy-incision of the sigmoid colon
29
rect/o
rectum
30
an/o
anus
31
proct/o
anus, rectum
proctologist-physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
32
hepat/o
liver
33
pancreat/o
pancreas
34
cholangi/o
bile vessel
35
chol/e**
bile, gall
36
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
37
choledoch/o
bile duct
38
-emisis
vomit
39
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
40
-megaly
enlargement
41
-orexia
appetite
42
-pepsia
digestion
dyspepsia-difficult or painful digestion; also called indigestion
43
-phagia
swallowing, eating
aerophagia-swallowing air
44
-prandial
meal
postprandial-after a meal
45
-rrhea
discharge, flow
steatorrhea-discharge of fat in fecal matter
46
dia-
through, across
47
peri-
around
periodentitis-inflammation (of tissue) around a tooth
48
sub-
under, below
sublingual-pertaining to the area under the tongue
49
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
50
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, suually due to obstruction or infection
51
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease
52
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
53
cachexia
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated witha acquired immune dificiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
54
cholelithiasis
prescence or formaion of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
55
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease
56
colic
spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
57
Chrohn disease
form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis
58
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting wateer or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protazoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
59
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia
60
eructation
producing gas from the stomach, usually with a chaacteristic sound; also called beltching
61
fecalith
fecal concretion
62
flatus
gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
63
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the sophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior porton of the esophagus
64
halitosis
foul-smelling breath
65
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
66
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
symptom complex marked y abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
67
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minaerals, or fluids throgh intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
68
melena
passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the prescence of blood altered by intestinal juices
69
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight
70
morbid obesity
body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generall 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight
71
obstipation
severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
72
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irrtation
73
peristalsis
progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntariyy in hollow rubes of the body, especially in the GI tract
74
pyloric stenosis
stircture or narrowing of the pyloic sphinter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
75
regurgitation
backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
76
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
77
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention of by removing gas, food, or gastic secretions; instill medication, food, or flids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
78
anastomosis
ileorectal
intestinal
- surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
- surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
- surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy
79
bariatric surgery
vertical banded gastroplasty
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
- group of procedures that treat morobid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulaton of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
- bariatric surgery that involves vertical stabling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce i t to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
- bariatric surgery that involves stabling the stomach to decrease its sized and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenumm eading fro the nonfuncioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuraion which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats
80
colostomy
creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
81
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
82
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
use of shock waves as a noninvasisve method to break up sones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
83
polypectomy
excision of a polyp
84
pyloromyotomy
incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of he pylorus, which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
85
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a fleible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifyng lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
86
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus--hepatitis A (HAV), hapatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV)--that is causing hapatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of the antigens
87
liver function tests (LFTs)
group of blood tests that evalulate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
88
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
89
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
90
stool guaiac
test that applies a substance called guaiac to stool sample to detect the prescence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test)
91
computed tomography (CT)
inamgin technique achieved by rotation an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intenstityof transmitted rays form different angles
