Chapter 6 Cultural & Ethnic Considerations Flashcards
To understand and integrate different cultures in nursing.
Biomedical health belief system
AKA Western medicine. The belief that health and illness are controlled by a series of physical and biochemical processes that can be analyzed and manipulated by humans. Primary belief in the US.
Cultural competence
Awareness of the nurse if their own cultural belief practices and an understanding of the limitations that these believes put on the nurse when dealing with those from other cultures. This understanding should give the nurse the ability to react to others with openness to and understanding and acceptance of cultural differences between them.
Culture
A set of learned values, believes, customs and practices that are shared by a group passed from one generation to another.
Ethnicity
Ethnicity A group of people who share a common social and cultural heritage based on tradition, national origin, and physical and biologic characteristics. They often share social practices such as language, religion, dress, music, and food.
Ethnic stereotype
A fixed concept of how all members of an ethnic group act or think.
Ethnocentrism
A perception that the practices and believes him one one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures.
Folk health belief system
The believe that health and illness but controlled by supernatural forces. May use native healers, plants, religious rituals, and prayers.
Holistic health belief system
The believe that forces of nature must be kept in natural balance or harmony.
Race
A group of people who share a biologic and physical characteristics.
Society
A nation, community, or broad group of people who establishe particular aims, believes, or standards of living and conduct.
Stereotype
Generalization about a form of behavior, and individual, or a group.
Subculture
A group that shares many characteristics with the primary culture but has characteristic patterns of behavior and ideals that distinguish it from the rest of a culture group.
Transcultural nursing
Integration of the nurse’s understanding of culture into all aspects of nursing care.
What cultures use the holistic believe system?
Chinese Americans and Muslim Americans
What cultures use the Folk believe system?
Mexican Americans and African-Americans; Mexican Americans sometimes accept Biomedical and African Americans have a highly diverse believe system some adhere to Biomedical and others believe in the Folk belief health system and often the two are practiced concurrently.
What are American Indian’s health beliefs?
Historically American Indians have been guided by sacred myths and legends that describe the tribes evolution from inception to the present time. Supernatural beings portrayed in the stories symbolize the culture, and which religion and healing practices are blended with each other. Traditional concepts focus on the need for the individual to be in harmony with the surrounding environment and with family.
Elasticity (cultural related time meaning)
Mainly used for Mexican Americans, they remain focused on their current activity and are less concerned about a previously planned meeting. It implies that future activities are possible to recover but not present ones. Time is perceived as being more flexible.
High priority on time (Culturally)
The US, many Northern European, and Japanese American cultures place emphasis on promptness and it hearing to fix schedules especially when meeting with someone who is regarded highly or attending appointments.
Flexibility with time (culturally)
In some eastern cultures including Chinese, east Indian Hindu, Filipino, and Korean, schedules and time much are more flexible concepts. They believe that other concerns regarding time are more important. Some Asians spend a lot of time getting to know someone and see the abrupt ending to a conversation as rude.
Some Muslim customs and practices.
Facing Mecca during ritual prayers. Women are exempt from prayer during menstration and 40 days after giving birth. Intoxicants are forbidden as well as pork. Female care givers. Men aren’t present during labor & delivery. Some Husbands want to be present durning birth.
Family make decisions. Husband is consulted. Autopsy is ok. Organ donation ok. Family prepares body for funeral.
Some Jewish customs and practices
After giving birth and during menstruation men won’t touch women. Women are considered to be the original impurity during these times.
No pork or shellfish-considered impure, not kosher.
Some Mormon customs and practices
Temple garment is worn under clothes to remind them of their commitment to Sacred vows & God; it can only be removed in an emergency. Alcohol and drugs are prohibited, including caffeine & nicotine.
Eye contact (culturally)
In US seen as respectful. Avoiding contact seen as shifty.
In most other cultures it is seen as disrespectful and/or aggressive.
