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Psych 104 > Chapter 6 - Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s moment to be subjective; personal experience

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2
Q

Qualia

A

Qualitative experience of your consciousness

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3
Q

In attentional blindness

A

A failure to notice something obvious changing in front of us when focused on something else

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4
Q

Change blindness

A

A failure to notice large changes in one’s environment
- We are conscious of these details, but we do not pay attention to them

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5
Q

Attention and Brain

A

• Studies have shown that we can maybe gain understanding of consciousness/attention in the brain
• fMRI
• Rough categories – face/bodies, emotions, self vs. others

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6
Q

What are the two types of Attention Processing

A

Automatic processing and Controlled processing

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7
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Occurs when we know a task so well that we can
do it without much attention.
• Allows less focus on consciousness

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8
Q

Controlled Processing

A

Helps us with more complex or new tasks, or situations.
• Slower than automatic processing

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9
Q

Test for Consciousness

A

Behavioural Study
•Objective measures
•E.g. Rouge test, mirror recognition test
• Tailor test to the subject

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10
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Rhythmic daily sleep cycles
- Wakefulness -> sleep

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11
Q

Sleep is regulated by a specific part of what?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Specific part of the hypothalamus that regulates sleep?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

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13
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Signals the pineal gland to release melatonin
• Active-Reduce
• Inactive-Increase

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14
Q

Stage 1 of Sleep

A

Light Sleep (1-10 min)

•Alpha/beta waves from wakefulness transition to theta waves when you have fallen asleep

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15
Q

Stage 2 of Sleep

A

Deeper Sleep (10-25 min)

•Body is slowing down, heartrate, and more
•SLEEP SPINDLES (1-2 seconds rapid brain activity)

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16
Q

Stage 3 & 4 of Sleep

A

Deeper Sleep

•Appearance of DELTA WAVES
•Slow wave sleep

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17
Q

Stage 5 of Sleep

A

Aka REM Sleep

•Occupies 20-25% of our night’s sleep
•Cycles of REM sleep last between 20min-1h
•REM sleep paralysis

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18
Q

Animal sleep stages

A

• Most mammals follow the previous sleep stages
•All animals sleep
• Minus the bullfrog

• Sleep = consciousness?
• Even in plants?

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19
Q

Reptiles and Sleep

A

Similar sleep patterns to mammals
• Slow wave sleep
• REM sleep
• Suggests sleep is for processing and storing memories

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20
Q

Length of a reptile’s sleep cycle and how many hours they sleep a day

A

80 seconds, 16-17 hours a day (brumation)

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21
Q

Fish and Sleep Cycles

A

Similar brain patterns to land animals

• Slow wave sleep & REM sleep

•Like humans, decrease in
movement and responsiveness

•Some like sharks, can never stop moving, even in sleep

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22
Q

Restoration Theory

A

Sleep is for Repair and Rest (of the body and brain)

23
Q

Circadian Rhythm Theory

A

Sleep is for Survival (sleep at night when we are most vulnerable)

24
Q

Learning Theory

A

Learning works better with sleep (learning connections are strengthened through sleep)

25
Q

Freud’s Dream Theory

A

Manifest (actual dream) vs.
Latent (what the dream symbolizes)
• “The Interpretation of the Dream” (1900)

26
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

Dreams mean nothing
• Activation - random neural activity in the brain
• Synthesis - cerebral cortex interprets activity

27
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep
•Most common sleep disorder (12 - 20% of population)
• Pseudoinsomniacs
• STRESS

28
Q

REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD)

A

REM sleep paralysis is disabled
•Caused by neural deficiency?

29
Q

Sleepwalking

A

Somnambulism
Episodes where a person walks
while asleep
• More common in children

30
Q

Out-of-body Experiences

A

A sense of consciousness leaving our body

•About 25% of college and university students report having experienced one or more of these

31
Q

Near-death Experiences

A

An out-of-body experience reported by people who have nearly died or thought they were going to die

• Passing through a dark tunnel, experiencing a bright light, seeing our lives pass before our eyes, and meeting spiritual being or long-dead relatives

32
Q

Meditation

A

A mental procedure where we focus on some external or internal object, event, or sense of awareness

33
Q

Concentrative meditation

A

Focus on one thing

34
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

Let thoughts flow freely

35
Q

Benefits of Meditation

A

•lower blood pressure
•less stress
•changes to hormones
•improvement in attention
•more “positive brain activity”
•improve in brain longterm

36
Q

Hypnosis

A

Social interaction where a person responds to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception, and/or involuntary action

37
Q

Post hypnotic suggestions

A

“When I say the word dog, you will stand up and bark like a dog. You will not remember this suggestion.”

38
Q

Stimulants

A

heighten activity in the body

39
Q

What do stimulants increase?

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, mood,
restlessness

40
Q

What do stimulants decrease?

A

Sleep

41
Q

Different types of stimulants

A

Amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine

42
Q

What do stimulants interfere with?

A

Reuptake of dopamine

43
Q

What do stimulants increase?

A

Release of dopamine

44
Q

Cocaine

A

Very powerful natural
stimulant
•Alert, energy, sociable, feeling amazing
•Paranoia, psychotic, violence
•Blocks reuptake of dopamine

45
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulant that Reduces fatigue via increase of dopamine

46
Q

Side effects of amphetamines

A

Insomnia, anxiety, addictive

47
Q

Depressants

A

Depress/decrease behavioral and mental activity

48
Q

Types of depressants

A

Alcohol and sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines)

49
Q

What effect does alcohol have in Small Doses?

A

Feelings of relaxation, elevate mood, lower inhibitions, and impair judgement

50
Q

Effect alcohol has in large doses

A

Sedating and depressant effects more apparent
• Brain centers become depressed, slowing thinking and impairing concentration, coordination

51
Q

What does alcohol increase the activity of?

A

GABA

52
Q

What does alcohol decrease the activity of?

A

Glutamate

53
Q

Opiates (narcotics)

A

Relieve pain and induce sleep

54
Q

Types of Opiates

A

Heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone

Psych 104 (3 decks)

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