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Psych 104 > Chapter 5 - Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Detection of stimuli (physical),
goes to brain

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2
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation of sensory input, conscious experience

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3
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

Basically, start with the individual elements that make up an object, put them together, and interpret as whole
(Building up)

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4
Q

Top-down Processing

A

Interpret sensory information with existing knowledge, expectations, experience

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5
Q

Transduction

A

Process whereby the sensory info is converted to neural signals for the brain to interpret
(Translating stimuli to neural signals)

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6
Q

Stimulus

A

Any DETECTABLE input from the environment

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7
Q

Sensory thresholds:
Absolute Threshold

A

The minimum amount of stimulation
that can be detected
- 50% of the time

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8
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

A decline in sensitivity due to constant stimulation

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9
Q

The Auditory System

A

Sensory system for Hearing and Sound

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10
Q

Stimulus for Sound

A

Sound waves

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11
Q

Sound Waves

A

Vibrations of molecules that travel through a medium, such as air

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12
Q

What can sounds be described in?

A

Amplitude and Frequency

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13
Q

What is amplitude measured in?

A

Decibels (dB)

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14
Q

Amplitude graphs are called

A

Power spectras

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15
Q

Frequency

A

Pitch of the sound

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16
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Cycles per second or Hertz (Hz)

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17
Q

What does pitch depend on?

A

Frequency

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18
Q

Range of hertz

A

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (spectogram)

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19
Q

Gustatory System

A

Sensory system for Taste

20
Q

Gustatory Receptors

A

Clusters of taste cells found in
the taste buds

21
Q

Gustatory Receptors

A

Clusters of taste cells found in
the taste buds

22
Q

5 different types of taste

A

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

23
Q

Catfish and Taste

A

•100,000 taste buds (up to 700,000!)
•Located in mouth, lips…all over body
Catfish
•Used for finding prey, mates, navigating

24
Q

The Olfactory System

A

Sense of smell, jogs memory

25
Q

What are the stimuli for the olfactory system?

A

Chemical substances

26
Q

What are the receptors in the olfactory system?

A

Olfactory cilia (hair) to olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain

27
Q

Unique patterns of what = unique _____

A

Unique patterns of Stimulation = unique Perception

28
Q

The Olfactory System animal

A

Snakes
•No taste or smell receptors
•Jacobson’s organ (Vomeronasal)

29
Q

The Tactile System

A

Sense of touch

30
Q

Tactile stimulation

A

Anything that comes in contact with skin

31
Q

Types of tactile stimulation

A

Temperature, pressure, pain

32
Q

What matters more in the tactile system?

A

Higher order processes (e.g. being tickled)

33
Q

Where do tactile stimulation signals go to in the brain?

A

Signals to Thalamus, then parietal lobe

34
Q

A tactile system animal

A

Vibrating Spiders

• Most have poor eyesight

• Use web vibrations for
• Status of web
• Health • Yummy food
• Courtship
• Territory defense

35
Q

The Visual System

A

Sensory system for Light
Sense of sight

36
Q

What is the stimulus for the visual system?

A

Light

37
Q

What is light measured in?

A

Nanometers (one billionth of a metre)

38
Q

The Order in which light enters through the eye

A
  1. Light enters through the CORNEA ->
  2. Behind the pupil is the elastic LENS >
  3. RETINA - multilayered tissue at rear>
  4. OPTIC NERVE to brain (occipital lobe)
39
Q

What are the two Visual Receptors?

A

Rods and Cones

40
Q

Rods

A

Receptor with key role in NIGHT and peripheral vision

41
Q

Cones

A

Receptor with key role in daylight vision and COLOUR

42
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Humans have basic tendencies to actively organize what they see
• For human perception, the WHOLE is GREATER than the sum of its parts

• Ambiguous figure-ground relationships

43
Q

Gestalt Laws of Organization

A

• Law of similarity (parts of configuration are similar, grouped together)
• Law of proximity (things are close to one another)
• Law of closure (people tend to close the edge)
• Law of continuity (people link continuous lines together)

44
Q

What are the perceptual constancies?

A

Shape Constancy, Size constancy, Brightness constancy

45
Q

Shape Constancy

A

Perception of certain shapes from different views
Friend’s face has a different shape when you look at their profile than face on - has the friend’s face changed?

46
Q

Size Constancy

A

Perception of size from different views
Walk to your car - image on your retina gets larger, do you perceive your car to be growing?

47
Q

Brightness Constancy

A

Perception of colour and surroundings due to brightness
Colour of your jacket may be different in full sunlight than in shade

Psych 104 (3 decks)

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