Chapter 6 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is the 4 things for standard precautions?
Barrier protection ( gloves )
Respiratory hygiene: cough etiquette
Safe injection practices
Hand hygiene
What is airborne precautions? (2)
Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust
Negative pressure isolated room
What is droplet precautions?
Large particle droplets
( sneeze, cough, speech, cry )
What is contact precautions?
Gloves
Gown
Masks
What is the nurses role in communicable diseases ? (3)
Appropriate preventive measures
Familiar with infectious agents
Recognize potential disease
What type of questions will we ask for suspicion of communicable disease? (5)
Known exposure?
Community exposure?
Immunization?
History?
History of risk factors ?
What are the 3 prodromal symptoms typically for diseases?
Fever
Rash
Early clinical manifestations
Diphtheria
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment (3)
Precautions :
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Direct contact
Upper respiratory infections ; bulls neck ; white/grey mucous membranes ; fever ; cough
Antibiotics, bed rest and support
Droplet
Chicken pox ( varicella )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Prodromal stage (2)
Pruritic rash begins as macular ->
Rash is typically centripetal ->
Treatment:
Precautions :
( child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted )
Prevention:
Varicella-zoster virus
Direct contact & respiratory secretions
Slight fever & malaise
Vesicle then erupts
Extremities & face
Supportive
Standard
Secondary skin infection & complications
Erythema Infectious ( fifth disease )
Agent :
Transmission : (2)
Clinical manifestations (4)
( how many days ?!)
Treatment :
Precautions :
Human herpesvirus type 6
Droplets or direct contact
Persistent fever for 3-7 days
Slapped cheek appearance
MILD URI & cough
Supportive care
Standard
Measles ( Rubeola )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestation
Prodromal stage (2)
Then goes to (3)
Main characteristic ?
Rash appears on day what to ?
Treatment (3)
Precautions -> until day 5 of rash
Viral
Direct contact from respiratory system
Fever & malaise
Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
Koplick spots on mucosa
3-4days
Antibiotics, bed rest and support
Airborne until day 5 of rash
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Catarrhal stage :
Paroxysmal stage : 4-6 weeks of ?
Treatment:
Supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity and careful with oral feeding and hydration
Precautions :
Bordetella Pertussis
Direct contact from droplets
URI symptoms from 1-2weeks
short rapid cough, wigh high pitch crowing ( whoop )
Prevention
Droplet
Rubella ( German Measles )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment :
Precautions :
Rubella virus
Direct contact from droplets
Low grade fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, RASH
Supportive care
Droplet
Scarlet fever
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
- Prodromal stage (2)
Enanthema : (4)
Exanthema :
Treatment : (2)
Precautions :
Group A beta hemolytic Streptoccoci
Direct contact from droplets
Abrupt high fever, halitosis
Tonsils large, exematous covered with pus, strawberry tongue
Sandpaper like pink rash
Penicillin and supportive care
Droplet until 24hours of ABX
Influenza (flu)
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations (4)
Treatment: (3)
Precautions:
Influenza virus
Direct contact
Abrupt fever, URI symptoms, malaise, anorexia
Prevention, antiviral treatment, supportive care
Droplet
Pneumococcal disease
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations(4)
Treatment: (3)
Precautions:
Streptococcal pneumococci
Direct contact affecting children under 2 years most commonly
Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infections
Prevention, antibiotics, supportive care
Droplet
Nonvaccine communicable diseases are like?
Conjunctivitis
Nursing managements are?
Contact precautions
Keep eye clean and dry
Administer ophthalmic medications
Comfort and supportive care
Educate caregivers
Prevent spread of infection
Communicable diseases
Stomatitis
Two types are ?
What is the goal?
How do we do this ^ (2)
Prevent spread of illness by ? (2)
Aphthous ulcers
Herpetic gingivostomatisis
relive pain
NSAIDS
Topical anesthetic
Oral transmission
Hand washing
Intestinal parasites are known as ?
Who is at highest risk?
What are the 2 most common?
The most frequent infections worldwide
Young children
Giardiasis
Pinworms
Nursing management
For intestinal parasites
Giardiasis
Pinworms
(4)
Assist with identification, treatment, and prevention
Fecal smears are diagnostic
Treated family members
Provide education and support
Giardiasis
Agent :
Transmission
Treatment :
Protozoan giardia intestinalis
Direct contact with contaminated food/water
Flagyl/ Tindamax & prevention
Enterobiasis (pinworms)
Agent
Transmission
DX
Treatment
Nematode enterobius vermicularis
Inhalation or ingeststion of eggs from contaminated hands
tape test
Pyrantel pamoate or albendazole
What are the two bacterial skin agents?
Transmission?
Treatment ? (3)
Notes
MRSA is on the rise
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Invasion of toxicity in cut skin
Topical ABX
Hand washing
Dilute bleach bath
Viral skin infections
Agent :
Transmission :
Treatment :(3)
Notes
Disorders are
Verruca: warts
Herpes
Varicella
Molluscum
Viruses
Invasion and toxicity in susceptible skin or oropharyngeal mucosa following contact with droplets
Antiviral medications for HSV
Hand washing
Destruction of warts
What are the 3 typical fungal skin infection agents?
Transmission?
( also possible from animals )
DX
Treatment (2)
Notes
Disorders like
Tinea capitis scalp
Tinea corporis body
Tinea cruris groin
Tinea pedis feet
Thrush
Candidaisis
Dematiohystoses
Tinea
Candidia
Invasion in skin, hair, nails or corneum
Microscopic exam
Systemic antifungal or topical
Scabies
Infestation agent
Transmission
Clinical manifestations (3)
Treatment (3)
Sarcopetes scabiei
Prolonged close personal contact where the mite burrows into the epidermis and deposits eggs
Intense pruritus
Excoriation/burrows
Discrete inflammation between finger webs, neck folds and groin
Scabicide ( 2 month of older )
Hygiene with high heat
Supportive care
Lice ( pediculosis capitis )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations ( 3)
Treatment
Pediculicide and removal of nits
Education patient
School attendance
Pediculus humanus capitis
Prolonged close contact when a female louse is able to obtain blood meal at scalp and deposit eggs on hair shaft at night
Intensive pruritus of scalp( behind ears and neck )
Nites
Bedbugs
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations (3)
Treatment
Eradication
Topical application
Hygiene
Cimex lectularius
Contact sleep in infested mattress and mine burrows into the skin and feed
Pruritis
Cellulitis
Asthma/anaphylaxis
What is rickettsial infection?
Examples?
More common in what climates?
Disorders cause by arthropods
Ticks, fleas and mites
Tropical
Lyme disease
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestation
Stage 1 (4)
Stage 2 (5)
Stage 3 (I)
Diagnosis :
Treatment (2)
Nursing implications
Prevent
Tick removal
ABX
Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi
Infected deer tick bite
Bulls eye, fever, HA, malaise
Rash3-10 weeks
Fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, cough
Systemic involvement
History and serologic testing
Doxycycline > 8 years
Amox < 8 years
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations ; (4) BIG WHERE TWO PLACES?
Treatment (2)
Nursing implications
Prevent exposure
Educate family
Supportive
Spirochete rickettsia rickettsii
Infected tick bite rodent or dog
Fever, malaise, HA
Rash on palms and soles of feet
Tetracycline & support
Cat scratch disease
Agent :
Transmission
Clinical manifestiond (2)
Treatment :
Nursing implication
- support family with disposal of pet
Bacteria bartonella henselae
Scratch from cat or kitten
Painless nonpruritic papule
Regional lymphadenitis
Usually supportive
