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349 Peds Exam 1 > Chapter 6 Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 4 things for standard precautions?

A

Barrier protection ( gloves )
Respiratory hygiene: cough etiquette
Safe injection practices
Hand hygiene

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2
Q

What is airborne precautions? (2)

A

Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust
Negative pressure isolated room

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3
Q

What is droplet precautions?

A

Large particle droplets
( sneeze, cough, speech, cry )

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4
Q

What is contact precautions?

A

Gloves
Gown
Masks

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5
Q

What is the nurses role in communicable diseases ? (3)

A

Appropriate preventive measures

Familiar with infectious agents

Recognize potential disease

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6
Q

What type of questions will we ask for suspicion of communicable disease? (5)

A

Known exposure?
Community exposure?
Immunization?
History?
History of risk factors ?

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7
Q

What are the 3 prodromal symptoms typically for diseases?

A

Fever
Rash
Early clinical manifestations

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8
Q

Diphtheria
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment (3)
Precautions :

A

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Direct contact
Upper respiratory infections ; bulls neck ; white/grey mucous membranes ; fever ; cough

Antibiotics, bed rest and support

Droplet

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9
Q

Chicken pox ( varicella )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Prodromal stage (2)
Pruritic rash begins as macular ->
Rash is typically centripetal ->
Treatment:

Precautions :
( child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted )

Prevention:

A

Varicella-zoster virus

Direct contact & respiratory secretions

Slight fever & malaise
Vesicle then erupts
Extremities & face

Supportive

Standard

Secondary skin infection & complications

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10
Q

Erythema Infectious ( fifth disease )
Agent :
Transmission : (2)
Clinical manifestations (4)
( how many days ?!)
Treatment :
Precautions :

A

Human herpesvirus type 6

Droplets or direct contact

Persistent fever for 3-7 days
Slapped cheek appearance
MILD URI & cough

Supportive care

Standard

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11
Q

Measles ( Rubeola )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestation
Prodromal stage (2)
Then goes to (3)

Main characteristic ?
Rash appears on day what to ?

Treatment (3)
Precautions -> until day 5 of rash

A

Viral
Direct contact from respiratory system

Fever & malaise

Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis

Koplick spots on mucosa

3-4days

Antibiotics, bed rest and support

Airborne until day 5 of rash

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12
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Catarrhal stage :
Paroxysmal stage : 4-6 weeks of ?

Treatment:

Supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity and careful with oral feeding and hydration

Precautions :

A

Bordetella Pertussis

Direct contact from droplets

URI symptoms from 1-2weeks
short rapid cough, wigh high pitch crowing ( whoop )

Prevention

Droplet

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13
Q

Rubella ( German Measles )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment :
Precautions :

A

Rubella virus
Direct contact from droplets

Low grade fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, RASH

Supportive care

Droplet

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14
Q

Scarlet fever
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
- Prodromal stage (2)
Enanthema : (4)
Exanthema :

Treatment : (2)
Precautions :

A

Group A beta hemolytic Streptoccoci
Direct contact from droplets

Abrupt high fever, halitosis

Tonsils large, exematous covered with pus, strawberry tongue

Sandpaper like pink rash

Penicillin and supportive care

Droplet until 24hours of ABX

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15
Q

Influenza (flu)
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations (4)

Treatment: (3)

Precautions:

A

Influenza virus

Direct contact

Abrupt fever, URI symptoms, malaise, anorexia

Prevention, antiviral treatment, supportive care

Droplet

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16
Q

Pneumococcal disease
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations(4)
Treatment: (3)
Precautions:

A

Streptococcal pneumococci

Direct contact affecting children under 2 years most commonly

Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infections

Prevention, antibiotics, supportive care

Droplet

17
Q

Nonvaccine communicable diseases are like?

Conjunctivitis

Nursing managements are?

A

Contact precautions
Keep eye clean and dry
Administer ophthalmic medications
Comfort and supportive care
Educate caregivers
Prevent spread of infection

18
Q

Communicable diseases
Stomatitis
Two types are ?

What is the goal?
How do we do this ^ (2)

Prevent spread of illness by ? (2)

A

Aphthous ulcers
Herpetic gingivostomatisis

relive pain

NSAIDS
Topical anesthetic

Oral transmission
Hand washing

19
Q

Intestinal parasites are known as ?
Who is at highest risk?
What are the 2 most common?

A

The most frequent infections worldwide
Young children

Giardiasis
Pinworms

20
Q

Nursing management
For intestinal parasites

Giardiasis
Pinworms

(4)

A

Assist with identification, treatment, and prevention

Fecal smears are diagnostic

Treated family members

Provide education and support

21
Q

Giardiasis
Agent :
Transmission
Treatment :

A

Protozoan giardia intestinalis

Direct contact with contaminated food/water

Flagyl/ Tindamax & prevention

22
Q

Enterobiasis (pinworms)

Agent
Transmission
DX
Treatment

A

Nematode enterobius vermicularis

Inhalation or ingeststion of eggs from contaminated hands

tape test

Pyrantel pamoate or albendazole

23
Q

What are the two bacterial skin agents?
Transmission?
Treatment ? (3)

Notes
MRSA is on the rise
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Scalded skin syndrome

A

Staphylococcus and streptococcus

Invasion of toxicity in cut skin

Topical ABX
Hand washing
Dilute bleach bath

24
Q

Viral skin infections
Agent :
Transmission :
Treatment :(3)

Notes
Disorders are
Verruca: warts
Herpes
Varicella
Molluscum

A

Viruses
Invasion and toxicity in susceptible skin or oropharyngeal mucosa following contact with droplets

Antiviral medications for HSV
Hand washing
Destruction of warts

25
Q

What are the 3 typical fungal skin infection agents?

Transmission?
( also possible from animals )

DX

Treatment (2)

Notes
Disorders like
Tinea capitis scalp
Tinea corporis body
Tinea cruris groin
Tinea pedis feet
Thrush
Candidaisis

A

Dematiohystoses
Tinea
Candidia

Invasion in skin, hair, nails or corneum

Microscopic exam

Systemic antifungal or topical

26
Q

Scabies
Infestation agent
Transmission
Clinical manifestations (3)
Treatment (3)

A

Sarcopetes scabiei

Prolonged close personal contact where the mite burrows into the epidermis and deposits eggs

Intense pruritus
Excoriation/burrows
Discrete inflammation between finger webs, neck folds and groin

Scabicide ( 2 month of older )
Hygiene with high heat
Supportive care

27
Q

Lice ( pediculosis capitis )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations ( 3)

Treatment
Pediculicide and removal of nits
Education patient
School attendance

A

Pediculus humanus capitis

Prolonged close contact when a female louse is able to obtain blood meal at scalp and deposit eggs on hair shaft at night

Intensive pruritus of scalp( behind ears and neck )
Nites

28
Q

Bedbugs
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations (3)

Treatment
Eradication
Topical application
Hygiene

A

Cimex lectularius
Contact sleep in infested mattress and mine burrows into the skin and feed

Pruritis
Cellulitis
Asthma/anaphylaxis

29
Q

What is rickettsial infection?
Examples?
More common in what climates?

A

Disorders cause by arthropods
Ticks, fleas and mites

Tropical

30
Q

Lyme disease
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestation
Stage 1 (4)
Stage 2 (5)
Stage 3 (I)

Diagnosis :
Treatment (2)

Nursing implications
Prevent
Tick removal
ABX

A

Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi

Infected deer tick bite

Bulls eye, fever, HA, malaise

Rash3-10 weeks
Fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, cough

Systemic involvement

History and serologic testing

Doxycycline > 8 years
Amox < 8 years

31
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations ; (4) BIG WHERE TWO PLACES?
Treatment (2)

Nursing implications
Prevent exposure
Educate family
Supportive

A

Spirochete rickettsia rickettsii

Infected tick bite rodent or dog

Fever, malaise, HA
Rash on palms and soles of feet

Tetracycline & support

32
Q

Cat scratch disease
Agent :
Transmission
Clinical manifestiond (2)
Treatment :
Nursing implication
- support family with disposal of pet

A

Bacteria bartonella henselae

Scratch from cat or kitten

Painless nonpruritic papule
Regional lymphadenitis

Usually supportive

349 Peds Exam 1 (10 decks)

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