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Drugs > Chapter 6--Cocaine Amphetamines and related stimulants > Flashcards

Chapter 6--Cocaine Amphetamines and related stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs that elevate mood and stimulate the CNS. Increase performance, not just a buzz

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2
Q

Over the counter stimulants

A

Nicotine and cocaine

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3
Q

Controlled Stimulants

A

cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin

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4
Q

Psychostimulants

A 
Nicotine 
caffeine
cocaine 
amphetamines
methylphenidate
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5
Q

What is the source of cocaine?

A

Erythroxylon Coca. A plant grown in the andes

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6
Q

Cocaine source

A

Coca leaves rich in Ca, vitamins, protein, fe, fiber and alkaloids including cocaine. The cocaine content in the leaves varies from 0.1-0.9 and increases with higher elevation

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7
Q

Cocaine is against the principles of the land of which south american country?

A

Ecuador, they don’t think it’s a crop that should be grown.

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8
Q

What lead to the abuse epidemic of cocaine?

A

the development process to extract cocoa paste from coca leaf in 19th century.

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9
Q

How was cocaine introduced to Europe?

A

By spaniard and naturalists returning from south america

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10
Q

How did cocaine become popular?

A

in the 1880’s Freud believed it was a miracle drug to treat several illnesses. But, Freud changed his mind after seeing bizarre symptoms of overdose.

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11
Q

Formication syndrome

A

Cocaine bugs, paranoid delusions. huge irritability and itching all over when in withdrawal.

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12
Q

What was cocaine found in during the 1880s?

A

wine, coca-cola, toothache drops

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13
Q

Coca leaves are turned into coca paste by…

A

sulfuric acid

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14
Q

Sulfuric acid turns coca leaves into…..

A

coca paste

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15
Q

How much cocaine is in coca leaves?

A

1%

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16
Q

How much cocaine is found in coca paste?

A

60-80% in loose amounts

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17
Q

Coca paste is turned into Cocaine HCL by…

A

Hydrochloric Acid

18
Q

Hydrochloric turns……into…..

A

coca past into cocaine hcl

19
Q

How much is in Cocaine HCl?

A

80%+, but less potent

20
Q

Cocaine HCl

A

A powder that is very water soluble, people inject this.

21
Q

Boiling Cocaine HCl with …….makes crack cocaine

A

water and either baking soda or ammonia

22
Q

Boiling cocaine HCl with water and either baking soda or ammonia makes….

A

crack cocaine (crystal)

23
Q

Boiling cocaine HCl with….makes cocaine free base (no HCl)

A

ether

24
Q

Boiling cocaine HCl with ether makes….

A

Cocaine free base (no HCl) which is not as water soluble but acts quicker.

25
Q

Speed Balling

A

Cocaine injected with heroin

26
Q

Cocaethelyne

A

cocaine plus alcohol. its properties are similar to cocaine but more toxic

27
Q

Low doses of cocaine

A

decrease HR

28
Q

Moderate doses of cocaine

A

increase HR and BP

29
Q

High doses of cocaine

A

cause cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure (athlete overdose)

30
Q

sympathomimetic effects of cocaine

A

They may contribute to central effects via sensory activation. HR, BP

31
Q

Anesthetic effects

A

disrupt conduction in some fast neurons by blocking sodium channels
lidocaine and novocaine are derivatives of cocaine

32
Q

Which monoamine transporters does cocaine affect the most?

A

5-HT transporter, DA, and NE

33
Q

Its affect on which transporter plays the greatest role in the stimulating, reinforcing, and addictive properties of cocaine?

A

DA transporter (DAT)

34
Q

chronic exposure elicits…

A

tolerance

35
Q

acute exposures elicit (once a day)

A

sensitization

36
Q

Ampgetamines where developed….

A

to treat asthma, cold and sinus symptoms, obesity, narcolepsy, ADHD

37
Q

Which herb was used in mormon’s tea?

A

Ephedrine (ephedra)

38
Q

Cocaine is metabolized

A

quickly. effect 20-30 mins

39
Q

Amphetamine is metabolized

A

slowly. effect 4-12 hrs

40
Q

Cocaine and amphetamines especially block reuptake of

A

DA

41
Q

Which drugs increase DA release?

A

Amphetamines and methylphenidate

42
Q

Which dug is used in the treatment of ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

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