Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions

Question 1

chemical equation

Answer 1

a symbolic representation of a chemical change/reaction

Question 2

reactant

Answer 2

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction

Question 3

product

Answer 3

a substance that is formed in a chemical reaction

Question 4

balanced equation

Answer 4

a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element

Question 5

law of conservation of mass

Answer 5

mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 6

phase notations

Answer 6

symbols that indicate the phase or state of components; (s) is solid, (l) is liquid, (g) is gas, and (aq) is aqueous

Question 7

decomposition reaction

Answer 7

a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances

Question 8

synthesis reaction

Answer 8

a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound

Question 9

single-displacement reaction

Answer 9

a reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound

Question 10

double-displacement reaction

Answer 10

a reaction in which two compounds rearrange to form two new compounds

Question 11

oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer 11

a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between reactants

Question 12

oxidation

Answer 12

loss of electrons

Question 13

reduction

Answer 13

gain of electrons

Question 14

combustion reaction

Answer 14

a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light

Question 15

hydrocarbons

Answer 15

compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen; produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

CH4

Answer 16

methane (natural gas)

Question 17

C2H2

Answer 17

acetylene

Question 18

C2H4

Answer 18

ethylene

Question 19

C3H8

Answer 19

propane

Question 20

C4H10

Answer 20

butane

Question 21

C6H6

Answer 21

benzene

Question 22

C8H18

Answer 22

octane

Question 23

molecular equation

Answer 23

a chemical equation in which all species are written as neutral compounds

Question 24

ionic equation

Answer 24

a chemical equation that shows dissociated ions as separate species

Question 25

solubility rules

Answer 25

a set of empirical rules used to determine whether an ionic compound is soluble; depends on the charge of ions, their size, and their structure

Question 26

precipitation reaction

Answer 26

a type of chemical change in which two aqueous solutions combine to produce an insoluble product; example of a double-displacement reaction

Question 27

precipitate

Answer 27

the solid product formed in a precipitation reaction

Question 28

complete ionic equation

Answer 28

an ionic equation that shows all the ions present in a solution

Question 29

spectator ions

Answer 29

ions that do not participate in a reaction

Question 30

net ionic equation

Answer 30

an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change

Question 31

acid-base neutralization reaction

Answer 31

acid + base -> salt + water (double-displacement reaction)