Chapter 1: Foundations

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter and its changes

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass and takes up volume

Question 3

composition

Answer 3

the simple components that make up a material

Question 4

structure

Answer 4

the composition and arrangement of a material

Question 5

atoms

Answer 5

a small unit of matter

Question 6

element

Answer 6

a substance that is made up of only one type of atom

Question 7

compound

Answer 7

a substance composed of more than one element bound together in a fixed ratio

Question 8

molecule

Answer 8

group of atoms that are held tightly together

Question 9

pure substance

Answer 9

material that is composed of only one element or compound

Question 10

mixture

Answer 10

a substance containing more than one substance

Question 11

homogeneous mixture

Answer 11

a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished

Question 12

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 12

a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily

Question 13

solid

Answer 13

a state of matter in which the object has a definite shape and volume

Question 14

liquid

Answer 14

a state of matter in which the object has definite volume but no definite shape

Question 15

gas

Answer 15

a state of matter in which the object has no definite shape or volume

Question 16

melting

Answer 16

the change of state from a solid to a liquid

Question 17

vaporization

Answer 17

the change of state from a liquid to a gas

Question 18

condensation

Answer 18

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

Question 19

freezing

Answer 19

the change of state from a liquid to a solid

Question 20

physical property

Answer 20

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (e.g., color, temp, mass, volume, shape, etc.)

Question 21

physical change

Answer 21

a change in a substance that does not change its identity

Question 22

chemical property

Answer 22

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (e.g. flammability)

Question 23

chemical change

Answer 23

a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties

Question 24

energy

Answer 24

the ability to do work or cause change

Question 25

potential energy

Answer 25

stored energy

Question 26

kinetic energy

Answer 26

energy of motion; the faster an object is moving, the greater the kinetic energy it has

Question 27

heat energy

Answer 27

a type of kinetic energy involving the movement of particles within a substance

Question 28

high-energy form

Answer 28

something that has high energy and can bring about a change

Question 29

exothermic change

Answer 29

a physical or chemical change that releases heat energy (ex. wood burning on a campfire)

Question 30

endothermic change

Answer 30

a physical or chemical change that absorbs energy

Question 31

scientific method

Answer 31

a cyclical process of making observations, formulating new ideas, and testing those ideas through experiments

Question 32

hypothesis

Answer 32

a tentative explanation that has not been tested

Question 33

theory

Answer 33

an idea that is supported by experimental evidence

Question 34

scientific law

Answer 34

a statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions