Chapter 6 Cells

Question 0

What are the 3 regions of cell?

Answer 0

Plasma membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasm

Question 1

Cell theory =?

Answer 1

1) All organisms are made of cells
2) Cells are smallest things with the properties of life
3) Originally described as all cells some from preexisting cells

Question 2

Prokaryotes have what organelles?

Answer 2

Plasma membrane, DNA-containing region, and Cytoplasm

Does not have organelles

Question 3

What does a prokaryote chromosome look like? How many do they have?

Answer 3

Ring; 1

Question 4

What 2 groups are placed in the prokaryotes?

Answer 4

Bacteria & Archaea

Question 5

Archaea =?

Answer 5

Produce their own energy, but not via photosynthesis

Uses environmental heat or utilize methane or nitrogen compounds instead of CO2

Survive at VERY hot temperatures = thermophilic

Question 6

Bacteria =?

Answer 6

Circular chromosome

Some conducts photosynthesis and some eats other bacteria

Question 7

Eukaryotes have what organelles?

Answer 7

Plasma Membrane, DNA-containing region, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, and other organelles

Question 8

What do Eukaryotes chromosomes look like? How many do they have?

Answer 8

Variable # (more than 1, always in pairs)

Question 9

Why do cells have to divide?

Answer 9

As cells grow, eventually it’ll get to big to meet their demands & must divide

Question 10

What is found in the cell membrane?

Answer 10

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 11

Phospholipid + Protein =?

What are the kinds of protein?

Answer 11

Transport, Adhesion, Recognition, and Receptor

Question 12

What does each kind of protein do?

Answer 12

Transport = allow molecules to be move

Adhesion = help cells stick together

Recognition = ID the cell as specific type of cell

Receptor = allow for molecules to bind to the outside of the cell & alter the cell’s activities

Question 13

Are the membrane components held rigid or allowed to float around?

Answer 13

Float around

Question 14

Cytoplasm =?

Answer 14

Fluid area where most organelles float

Question 15

Cytoskeleton =?

Answer 15

Consists of microtubles & microfilaments; gives the cell shape; move other organelle to where they need to be wishing the cell

Question 16

What are the two sub parts of the cytoskeleton & what does each one do?

Answer 16

Microfilaments: pull DNA apart during cell division & anchor membrane proteins, and form pseudopods

Microtubles: help in cell division, keeps organelles in place or move them I needed to be moved, allow cell movements, and form centrioles in animal cells

Question 17

Cilia =?

Answer 17

Short, hair like appendages extending from the surface of a living cell

Question 18

Cilia is made from?

Answer 18

Microtubles

Question 19

Flagella =?

Answer 19

Long, threadlike appendages on the surface of a living cell

Question 20

Flagella is made from?

Answer 20

Microtubles

Question 21

Nucleus =?

Answer 21

Not found in prokaryotes, houses cell DNA

Question 22

Nucleus Envelope =?

Answer 22

Has 2 nuclear bolsters, pores allow materials in/out

Question 23

Nucleolus =?

Answer 23

Dark region inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes, surround with chromatin, and composed of proteins and DNA

Question 24

ER =?

Answer 24

Is rough and smooth, has a phospholipid membrane, has important proteins for cellular respiration.

Question 25

How does smooth differ from rough ER?

Answer 25

Smooth: no attached ribosomes, detoxifies some drug, makes lipids and carbs, stores calcium

Rough: has attached ribosomes, modified proteins, aids in folding of proteins and transports protein throughout the cell

Question 26

Golgi =?

Answer 26

Has a membrane and several membranes “stacked” on top of each other, modifies and ships proteins, creates lysosomes

Question 27

Lysosomes =?

Answer 27

Intercellular digestion

Question 28

Mitochondria =?

Answer 28

ATP formation or makes ATP; only in animal cell

Question 29

Chloroplast =?

Answer 29

Photosynthesis; only in plant cells

Question 30

Vacuole =?

Answer 30

Storage in plant cells

Question 31

Cell wall =?

Answer 31

Tough outer layer that help protect the plant cell

Question 32

Ribosomes =?

Answer 32

Converts RNA into proteins

Question 33

Pili/Pilus =?

Answer 33

Short, filamentous projection on a bacterial cell; used not for mobility but for adhering to other bacterial cell or animal cell

Question 34

Capsules =?

Answer 34

The outer layer that lies outside the cell envelope of a bacterial cell

Question 35

Which organelles are only in plant cells?

Answer 35

Cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, DNA, nucleolus, ribosome, ER, Golgi, mitochondria, chloroplast, vacuole