Chapter 5 - The Structure & Function of Large Biological Molecules

Question 0

What are the most common organic molecule?

Answer 0

Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the most common thing inside of a cell?

Answer 1

Water (h2o)

Question 2

What are the most diverse organic molecule?

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Condensation reaction works how?

Answer 3

Pull -OH from carbon chain/ring & H from bother to put the two chains/rings together into 1 bigger chain & loose H2O as a result

Question 4

How is it different from a hydrolysis (or dehydration) reaction?

Answer 4

Split molecules by breaking H2O.

One mole gets the -H & the other gets the -OH

Question 5

Carbohydrates =?

Answer 5

Sugars

Question 6

What type of things are sugars (carbohydrates) used for?

Answer 6

Used to make some structures.

Mainly used as an energy source.

Question 7

Who uses cellulose? Starch? Glycogen?l

Answer 7

Polysaccharides

Question 8

Wherein organism or cell & what does Cellulose do in it? Starch? Glycogen?

Answer 8

Cellulose; plant cell walls (fiber)

Starch; molecule in plants, energy storage

Glycogen; energy storage in animals

Question 9

Monosaccharide =?

Answer 9

Glucose, Fructose, and Ribose & Deoxyribose

Question 10

Disaccharide =?

Answer 10

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose

Question 11

Polysaccharide =?

Answer 11

Cellulose, Starch, and Glucose

Question 12

Lipids =?

Answer 12

Hydrophobic
Don’t Dissolve in water
Ball up into globules

Question 13

Saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats how?

Answer 13

Saturated = solid at room temp

Unsaturated = liquid at room temp

Question 14

What do all amino acids have in common?

Answer 14

All have nitrogen and COOH chains (carboxyl)

Question 15

How many AA’s are there?

Answer 15

20

Question 16

How many are acidic? Basic? Polar?

Answer 16

Acidic - 2

Basic - 3

Polar - all acid & base + 5 of the neutral AA’s

Question 17

Proteins are made from what?

Answer 17

Made of Amino acids

Question 18

What are proteins used for?

Answer 18

Structural materials
Transport proteins
Receptor proteins
Enzymes (alter rate of reactions)
Repair of damaged tissues/structure
Hormones
Immune system defenses (antibodies)

Question 19

Why are proteins called polypeptides?

Answer 19

Linked together via peptide bonds

Question 20

What is a primary protein structure?

Answer 20

Actual order of the amino acids

Question 21

What are the two forms that secondary protein structures take?

Answer 21

B-sheets and A-helix

Question 22

What is the Tertiary Protein structure?

Answer 22

After it folds:
3D Form
Important to how protein functions
Prone to being warped by changes in pH or temperature
Causes decrease or complete stop in protein’s activity

Question 23

How does this differ from the quaternary structure?

Answer 23

Quaternary is:

Not always present
2 or more polypeptides working together to do 1 task
Can have numerous proteins working together

Question 24

Nucleotides all have what in common?

Answer 24

Nitrogen containing base
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate group(s)

Question 25

What are the four molecule bases found in DNA?

Answer 25

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine

Question 26

Which nucleotide is not found in RNA? What is found in RNA instead?

Answer 26

Thymine is not found in RNA.

Uracil

Question 27

What sugars are found in DNA & RNA?

Answer 27

Deoxyribose

Question 28

Who discovered the 3D structure of DNA?

Answer 28

James Watson & Francis Criek

Question 29

Whose data did they use?

Answer 29

Rosalind Franklin

Question 30

What does the 2D & 3D structures of DNA look like?

Answer 30

Double Helix