Chapter 6 - Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Question 1

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

A high-energy chemical compound that the body uses for immediate energy

Question 2

Aerobic

Answer 2

Describes exercise that requires oxygen to produce the necessary energy (ATP) to carry out the activity.

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

Air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide (produced by the body) is released from the blood.

Question 4

Anaerobic

Answer 4

Describes exercise that does not require oxygen to produce the necessary energy (ATP) to carry out the activity.

Question 5

Anaerobic threshold

Answer 5

The highest percentage of the VO2max at which an individual can exercise (maximal steady state) for an extended time without accumulating significant amounts of lactic acid (accumulation of lactic acid forces an individual to slow down the exercise intensity to stop altogether).

Question 6

Arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff)

Answer 6

The amount of oxygen removed from the blood as determined by the difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood.

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

Smallest blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body.

Question 8

Cardiac output

Answer 8

Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minutes.

Question 9

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 9

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity.

Question 10

Cardiorespiratory training zone

Answer 10

Recommended training intensity range, in terms of exercise heart rate, to obtain adequate cardiorespiratory endurance development.

Question 11

Cool-down

Answer 11

Tapering off an exercise session slowly.

Question 12

Exercise

Answer 12

A type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness.

Question 13

FITT

Answer 13

An acronym used to describe the four cardiorespiratory exercise prescription variables: frequency, intensity, type (mode), and time (duration).

Question 14

Frequency

Answer 14

Number of times per week a person engages in exercise.

Question 15

Heart rate reserve (HRR)

Answer 15

The difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate.

Question 16

Hemoglobin

Answer 16

Iron-containing compound, found in red blood cells, that transports oxygen.

Question 17

Hypokinetic diseases

Answer 17

“Hypo” denotes “lack of”; therefore, lack of physical activity.

Question 18

Intensity

Answer 18

In cardiorespiratory exercise, how hard a person has to exercise to improve or maintain fitness.

Question 19

Maximal heart rate (MHR)

Answer 19

Highest heart rate for a person, related primarily to age.

Question 20

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)

Answer 20

Maximum amount of oxygen the body is able to utilize per minute of physical activity, commonly expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute mL/kg/min); the best indicator of cardiorespiratory or aerobic fitness.

Question 21

MET

Answer 21

Short for metabolic equivalent, the rate energy expenditure at rest; 1 MET is the equivalent of a VO2 of 3.5 mL/kg/min.

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Structures within the cells where energy transformations take place.

Question 23

Mode

Answer 23

Form or type of exercise.

Question 24

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 24

Energy expended doing everyday activities not related to exercise.

Question 25

Nonresponders

Answer 25

Individuals who exhibit small or no improvements in fitness as compared to others who undergo the small training program.

Question 26

Oxygen uptake (VO2)

Answer 26

The amount of oxygen the human body uses.

Question 27

Physical activity

Answer 27

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits. Examples include walking, taking the stairs, dancing, gardening, yard work, house cleaning, snow shoveling, washing the car, and all forms of structured exercise.

Question 28

Principle of individuality

Answer 28

Training concepts holding that genetics plays a major role in individual responses to exercise training and these differences must be considered when designing exercise programs for different people.

Question 29

Rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

Answer 29

A perception scale to monitor or interpret the intensity of aerobic exercise.

Question 30

Recovery time

Answer 30

Amount of time that the body takes to return to resting levels after exercise.

Question 31

Responders

Answer 31

Individuals who exhibit improvements in fitness as a result of exercise training.

Question 32

Resting heart rate (RHR)

Answer 32

Heart rate after a person has been sitting quietly for 15 to 20 minutes.

Question 33

Stroke volume

Answer 33

Amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat.

Question 34

Vigorous exercise

Answer 34

CR exercise that requires an intensity level of approximately 70 percent of capacity.

Question 35

Warm-up

Answer 35

Starting a workout slowly.

Question 36

Workload

Answer 36

Load (or intensity) placed on the body during physical activity.